1. GAS LAWS- FOR CLOSED SYSTEMS INCREASE AVERAGE KINETIC ENERGY(T) CAUSES INCREASE OF MOMENTUM CAUSES INCREASE COLLISION FREQUENCY CAUSES INCREASED PRESSURE IN A RIGID (CONSTANT VOLUME) CONTAINER INCREASED VOLUME IN AN EXPANDABLE (CONSTANT PRESSURE) CONTAINER LAW OF CHARLES PV 1 = PV 2 T 1 T 2 TEMP IS IN KELVIN K = C + 273 LAW OF GAY- LUSSAC P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 T 1 T 2 TEMP IS IN KELVIN K = C + 273

2. GAS LAWS INCREASE EXTERNAL PRESSURE CAUSES INCREASE OF EXTERNAL COLLISIONS CAUSES EXPANDABLE CONTAINER PUSHED INTO SMALLER V DECREASED VOLUME IN AN EXPANDABLE CONTAINER AT CONSTANT TEMPERATURE LAW OF BOYLE P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 T T TEMP IS IN KELVIN K = C + 273

3. THE LAWS OF GAY-LUSSAC (P and V) And the law of Charles (V and T) ARE DIRECT PROPORTIONS – AS ONE INCREASES THE OTHER INCREASES DIRECTLY. BOYLES LAW IS AN INVERSE PROPORTION, AS P INCREASES, VOLUME DECREASES. PV=k P V

4. PROBLEM SOLVING, GAS LAWS STEP ONE: ANALYZE. Read the problem an set up your givens. STEP TWO: CHECK UNITS, CONVERT NOW SO YOU DO NOT FORGET! STEP THREE: CRITICAL THINKING THE LOGIC! – DECIDE WHAT IS CONSTANT AND WHAT IS CHANGING, THEN DECIDE WHAT LAW TO APPLY. STEP FOUR: MAKE A LOGICAL ESTIMATION BASED ON THE APPROPRIATE GAS LAW, THEN USE THE EQUATION. STEP FIVE, CHECK, SUBSTITUTE IN YOUR ANSWER TO SEE IF THE EQUATION CORRECTLY SOLVES FOR A GIVEN.

5. EXAMPLE. CALCULATE THE VOLUME OF A 1.0L BALLOON THAT IS PRESSURIZED FROM 1.0 ATM TO 2.0 ATM AT CONSTANT TEMP. STEP ONE: ANALYZE. Read the problem an set up your givens. –P #1 = 1.0ATM –P #2 = 2.0ATM –V #1 = 1.0L –V #2 = X –AT CONSTANT TEMPERATURE STEP TWO:CHECK UNITS – NET NEEDED HERE! STEP THREE: CRITICAL THINKING THE LOGIC! – DECIDE WHAT IS CONSTANT AND WHAT IS CHANGING, THEN DECIDE WHAT LAW TO APPLY. – P #1 = 1.0ATM – P #2 = 2.0ATM –V #1 = 1.0L –V #2 = X PRESSURE IS INCREASING (DOUBLES), THEREFORE VOLUME WILL DECREASE VOLUME WILL DECREAS (HALVED), BECAUSE PRESSURE DOUBLED. LOGIC – PRESSURE AND VOLUME CHANGE,AT CONSTANT TEMP, THEREFORE THIS IS BOYLE’S LAW – WHICH IS AN INVERSE PROPORTION.

6. STEP FOUR: MAKE A LOGICAL ESTIMATION BASED ON THE APPROPRIATE GAS LAW, THEN USE THE EQUATION. –-BECAUSE PRESSURE DOUBLES, THE VOLUME WILL DECREASE (IVERSELY PROPORTIONAL CHANGE). As the initial volume is 1.0 L the final volume should be 0.50 L P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2  (1.0 atm)(1.0 L) = (2.0 atm)( X)  X= 0.50L T 1 T 2 CHECK (FOR MATH ERRORS, THIS WILL NOT FIND LIGICAL ERRORS AT ALL TIMES.) –P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2  (1.0 ATM)(1.0L) = (2.0 ATM)(0.50L)