1. A Small Rock 100 ml of Water The Helium from a Balloon
Which is easiest to hold in your hand? Why?
A Small Rock
100 ml of Water
The Helium from a Balloon

2. State (or phase) of Matter
The physical form in which matter exists
Four states
Solid
Liquid Most common on Earth
Gas
Plasma

3. SOLIDS Have a definite shape and volume
How do we find the volume of a solid?
Length x Width x Height

4. Liquids Has a definite volume. What is a liquid’s shape?
How do we find a liquid’s volume?
What is a liquid’s shape?
It takes the shape of its’ container
No definite shape

5. Gases No definite shape or volume Takes the shape of its’ container
Gas molecules will spread out to occupy all of the space available.

6. PLASMA
Forms when temperatures are high enough to remove electrons from their atoms
When an atom loses electrons, it becomes a positively charged ion.

7. Particles and Phase
The arrangement and motion of the particle that make up a substance determine its state.

8. SOLIDS Particles are packed together quite closely
The energy bonding these particles is very strong
This prevents particles from moving freely
Particles move by vibrating in their position
Gives solids their definite shape and volume

9. Liquids Particles are less densly packed than those in a solid
Energy bonding particles is weaker than in a solid
Particles can move around and slide past one another
Movement of particles prevents liquids from having a definite shape

10. Gases Particles move freely Energy binding the particles is weak
Allows gases to expend and contract to fit its container
Thus gases lack shape and volume
Energy binding the particles is weak

11. Heat Affects the State of a Substance
When a substance takes in heat, its particles gain energy and move more quickly
When a substance releases heat, its particles lose energy and move more slowly.

12. When enough heat is added or removed, a change of state occurs.
LIQUID
Solid + Heat =
Liquid + Heat =
Gas – Heat =
Liquid – Heat =
GAS
LIQUID
SOLID

13. Solid + Heat = Liquid
Melting point: the temperature at which a solid begins to change to a liquid.

14. Liquid + Heat = Gas Vaporization Boiling Point
The process in which a liquid changes to a gas
Boiling Point
The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas

15. Gas – Heat = Liquid Condensation
The changing of a substance from a gas to a liquid
The temperature is the same as the substance’s boiling point, it’s just going in the opposite direction.

16. Check it Out!

17. Phase Change Diagram Condensing Freezing Boiling Melting TEMPERATURE
HEAT ENERGY