1. Matter Notes

2. What is matter ? 9/14/2015 2

3. Matter- anything that has mass and volume. 9/14/2015 3

4. 4 Physical Properties Can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the matter.

5. 9/14/2015 5 Example: You don’t change the identity of an apple to find it’s volume or see that it is red

6. 9/14/2015 6 Thermal Conductivity: The rate at which a substance transfers thermal energy (heat) Example: Cup of hot chocolate warms your hands

7. 9/14/2015 7 Solubility: The ability of a substance to dissolve into another substance. Example: Lemonade mix dissolves into water

8. 9/14/2015 8 Ductility: The ability of a substance to be pulled into a wire. Example: Copper Wire is ductile

9. 9/14/2015 9 Malleability: The ability of a substance to be rolled or pounded into thin sheets. Example: Aluminum can be rolled into sheets to make aluminum foil

10. 9/14/2015 10 You use physical properties all the time. For example, physical properties help determine if your socks are clean (odor) or if you can fit all your books into your backpack (volume).

11. Metals Nonmetals Metalloids 9/14/2015 11

12. Metals Silver/ gray in color (except for Copper and Gold) Have luster (shiny) Hard, solid (except for Mercury which is a liquid) Malleable and Ductile Good conductors of electricity and heat 9/14/2015 12

13. Metals can oxidize- react to Oxygen and rust forms Examples of Metals: Nickel, Titanium, Tungsten, Tin, Iron 9/14/2015 13

14. Nonmetals Not able to conduct electricity or heat Are not malleable or ductile Many are gas and a few are solid Examples: Helium, Oxygen, Chlorine, Neon 9/14/2015 14

15. Metalloids Solid Located on stair step between metals and nonmetals on periodic table. Have properties of metals and nonmetals Semi- conductors 9/14/2015 15

16. Examples: Boron, Arsenic 9/14/2015 16

17. Density A physical property, a measurement The mass per unit volume Density = mass volume D= m v 9/14/2015 17

18. Density Practice 9/14/2015 18

19. 9/14/2015 19 Practice Problems Example: What is the density of an object with a mass of 20g and with a volume of 10 mL? D= ? 1. Write the equation D= m v

20. 9/14/2015 20 2. Replace m and V with numbers D= 20g = 10mL 2 g/mL

21. 9/14/2015 21 Example 2: What is the density of an object with mass of 35 g and with volume is 7 cm3? Write the steps and solve yourself.

22. 9/14/2015 22 1. D= m v 2. D= 35g 7cm3 3. D= 5 g/cm3

23. Chemical Property NOTES 9/14/2015 23

24. 9/14/2015 24 Chemical Property Describes matter based on its ability to change into new matter with different properties.

25. Example: Wood can be burned to create new matter (ash and smoke) 9/14/2015 25

26. 9/14/2015 26

27. 9/14/2015 27 Flammability- The ability to burn Ex: Wood, plastic

28. Non-flammability - Substances or objects that will not burn Example: Pots & pans 9/14/2015 28

29. 9/14/2015 29 Just so you know…. Reactivity the ability of 2 or more substances to combine & form a new substance

30. 9/14/2015 30 Reactivity with Oxygen- When metal is exposed to oxygen and changes. Ex: Rusty nail, Statue of Liberty

31. Non-reactivity with oxygen: Substances or objects that will not rust. Ex: The bumper on a car 9/14/2015 31

32. How are physical and chemical properties different? 9/14/2015 32

33. 9/14/2015 33 What’s the difference? Physical Properties- Can be measured or observed and do NOT change what something is made of.

34. Chemical Properties: Describes how something will react. DOES change the chemical nature of matter 9/14/2015 34

35. 9/14/2015 35 Physical Change A change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance. Example: Breaking a piece of chalk in two pieces.

36. 9/14/2015 36 Examples of Physical Changes Freezing water for ice cubes Sanding a piece of wood Cutting your hair

37. 9/14/2015 37 Bending a paper clip Melting a stick of butter

38. 9/14/2015 38 Chemical Change Two or more substances are changed into a new substance Not the same as Chemical Properties

39. 9/14/2015 39 Remember…… Chem. Props just describe the ability of a substance to go through a chemical change

40. 9/14/2015 40 Signs of a Chemical Change Changes in color Heat is produced Fizzing and Foaming Sound is produced Gas is produced Light is produced Change in smell

41. 9/14/2015 41 What happens during a chemical change? When you bake a cake, you combine eggs, flour, sugar, oil, and other ingredients. Each ingredient has its own set of properties But if you mix all the ingredients together, you get something completely different.

42. 9/14/2015 42 The heat of the oven and the interaction of the cake ingredients cause a chemical change.

43. Physical Change: A change in appearance only; DOES NOT CHANGE the identity of the matter Examples: Size change Shape change State change ( solid to liquid) 9/14/2015 43

44. Chemical Change: Produces new matter with different properties. The identity of the matter DOES change Examples: Color Change Heat produced or removed Fizzing & Foaming Smell Change Light/ Sound Produced 9/14/2015 44

45. Endothermic Energy is gained by a substance -Think “endo”= enter Example: Ice melting into liquid water. The molecules gain energy and speed up 9/14/2015 45

46. Exothermic Energy is removed from, or taken out of, a substance. Can give off heat Think “exo” = exit Example: Water freezing to a solid. The molecules lose energy and slow down. 9/14/2015 46

47. 9/14/2015 47 States of Matter Notes - Physical forms in which a substance can exist Solid Liquid Gas

48. 9/14/2015 48 Solid definite shape definite volume Molecules are very close together Molecules vibrate in place

49. 9/14/2015 49 Examples Rock Tree Loaf of bread Puppy Iron Cell Phone i-pod

50. 9/14/2015 50 Liquid No definite shape; takes the shape of its container Ex: When you pour water from a beaker into a graduated cylinder does it stay in the shape of the beaker? Nope! definite volume

51. 9/14/2015 51 Molecules move around Examples: Coffee Water

52. 9/14/2015 52 Gas No definite shape No definite volume

53. Molecules completely break away from each other. There is empty space between the molecules. 9/14/2015 53

54. Examples Hydrogen Oxygen Helium 9/14/2015 54

55. 9/14/2015 55 Plasma No definite shape or volume Molecules have broken apart

56. Conduct electric currents;GASES DON’T Examples: Auroras Lightning Stars Fluorescent Lights 9/14/2015 56

57. Changes in State 9/14/2015 57

58. Melting Solid to Liquid Energy Increases Example: Ice melting into water. 9/14/2015 58

59. Freezing Liquid to Solid Energy decreases Example: Water freezing into ice. 9/14/2015 59

60. Evaporation Liquid to Gas Energy Increases Example: Boiling water changes into steam. 9/14/2015 60

61. Condensation Gas to liquid Energy decreases Example: Dew on the grass in the morning 9/14/2015 61

62. Sublimation Solid to Gas Energy Increases Example: Dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) sublimes into a white gas. 9/14/2015 62