2. Regents Biology 2008-2009 Circulatory System in Animals

3. Regents Biology 2008-2009 Have a heart? Ask Questions!!

4. Regents Biology  Why do we need a circulatory system?  supplies in  Fuel ( )  system   waste out   system  need to pick up & deliver the supplies & wastes around the body  system Feeding Energy Needs

5. Regents Biology Circulatory System  Organ   Tissues & cells      Blood  

6. Regents Biology Vertebrate Heart  4-Chambered heart  (atrium)   collection chamber  blood    pump blood right atrium left atrium right ventricle left ventricle

7. Regents Biology AV SL AV Lub-dub, lub-dub  4 valves in the heart  flaps of tissue  prevent blood  Heart sounds  of valves  “Lub”  force blood against closed AV valves  “Dub”  force of blood against semilunar valves  Heart murmur  valve causes hissing sound  blood

8. Regents Biology Electrical signals allows atria to empty completely before ventricles contract stimulates ventricles to contract from bottom to top, driving blood into arteries  heart pumping controlled by electrical impulses  signal also transmitted to skin = EKG

9. Regents Biology pump (peak pressure) __________________ fill (minimum pressure) Cardiac Cycle How is this reflected in blood pressure measurements? chambers begin to fill atria empty into ventricles ventricles pump 120 80 ______

10. Regents Biology Measurement of blood pressure hypertension = (high blood pressure) if top number > 150 or if bottom number > 90

11. Regents Biology 2008-2009 Circulatory System Blood Vessels

12. Regents Biology Blood vessels arterioles venules artery arteriolesvenules veins

13. Regents Biology Arteries: Built for their job  Arteries  blood flows from heart  walls  provide strength for high pressure pumping of blood  elastic & stretchable

14. Regents Biology Major arteries artery = to lungs = to head to brain & left arm to right arm coronary arteries to body

15. Regents Biology Coronary artery bypass bypass surgery

16. Regents Biology Veins: Built for their job  Veins  Blood heart  thinner-walled  blood travels back to heart at low speed & pressure  why low pressure?   blood flows because muscles contract when we move   in large veins  in larger veins one-way allow blood to flow only toward heart Open valve Blood flows toward heart Closed valve

17. Regents Biology Major Veins vein = from lung = from upper body P vein = from lung = from lower body

18. Regents Biology Structure-function relationship  Capillaries  very thin walls  Allows of materials across capillary EE body cell O2O2 food waste CO 2

19. Regents Biology  2 part system  Circulation to lungs  blood gets from lungs  drops off to lungs  brings blood from lungs to heart  Circulation to body  pumps blood to body  picks up from digestive system  collects Circulation of Blood heart lungs body Circulation to lungs Circulation to body

20. Regents Biology Vertebrate circulatory system heart lungs body  2 part system artery to body artery to lungs vein from lungs to heart vein from body to heart

21. Regents Biology Stops along the way…  Lungs  pick up O 2 / clean out CO 2  Small Intestines  pick up nutrients from digested food  Large Intestines  pick up water from digested food  Liver  clean out worn out blood cells

22. Regents Biology More stops along the way…  Kidneys  filters out ( )  extra salts, sugars & water  Bone  pick up new cells  Spleen  pick up new blood cells

23. Regents Biology waste food Circulatory System & Homeostasis  Homeostasis  keeping the internal environment of the body balanced  need to balance food & O 2 in  need to balance energy (ATP) production  need to balance CO 2 & waste out  Exercise  heart beat  need more  bring in more O 2 & food; remove more CO 2 & waste out  Disease  poor lung or heart function = heart beat faster  need to work harder to bring in O 2 & food & remove wastes O2O2 ATP CO 2

24. Regents Biology Carbon Dioxide  CO 2 is released into  Dissolves in blood to form  SO…  More carbonic acid, makes the blood pH….

25. Regents Biology 2008-2009 Have a heart? Ask Questions!!

26. Regents Biology 2008-2009 Circulatory System Blood

27. Regents Biology Blood & blood cells  Blood is a tissue of fluid & cells   liquid part of blood  dissolved salts, sugars, proteins, and more   blood cells (RBC)  transport O 2 in hemoglobin  blood cells (WBC)  Leukocytes  defense & immunity   blood clotting

28. Regents Biology Blood Cell production ribs, vertebrae, breastbone & pelvis  Stem cells  “parent” cells in   develop into all the different types of blood cells  red blood cells  white blood cells white blood cells red blood cells white blood cells

29. Regents Biology Red blood cells (Erythrocytes)  Small round cells  produced in  5 liters of blood in body  5-6 million RBC in drop of human blood  last 3-4 months (120 days)  filtered out by  ~3 million RBC destroyed each second

30. Regents Biology Hemoglobin  very loosely  250,000 hemoglobin proteins in one red blood cell O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2

31. Regents Biology Blood clotting (Thrombocytes) protein fibers build the clot emergency repair of circulatory system seal the hole chemical emergency signals

32. Regents Biology Cardiovascular disease  Atherosclerosis & Arteriosclerosis  deposits inside arteries (p )  develop in inner wall of the arteries, narrowing their channel  increase  increase risk of normal arteryhardening of arteries

33. Regents Biology Cardiovascular health bypass surgery  Risk Factors GG DD  high animal fat  E & L SS LL

34. Regents Biology

35. Heart Disease Heart disease death rates 1996-2002 Adults ages 35 and older

36. Regents Biology Women & Heart Disease  Heart disease is 3rd leading cause of death among women aged 25–44 years & 2nd leading cause of death among women aged 45–64 years. Risk factors  Smoking  Lack of exercise  High fat diet  Overweight Death rates for heart disease per 100,000 women, 2002

37. Regents Biology 2008-2009 Have a heart? Ask Questions!!