1. Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Theories of Personality Power Point Presentation by Avidan Milevsky, Ph.D. Touro College South This presentation copyright Susan C. Cloninger. Some images are from "Holy Cow! 250,000 Graphics," by Macmillan Digital Publishing USA.

2. Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. CHAPTER TEN SKINNER AND STAATS: The Challenge of Behaviorism

3. Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter Overview RADICAL BEHAVIORISM: SKINNER Behavior as the Data for Scientific Study  The Evolutionary Context of Operant Behavior  The Rate of Responding Learning Principles  Reinforcement: Increasing the Rate of Responding  Punishment and Extinction: Decreasing the Rate of Responding  Additional Behavioral Techniques Schedules of Reinforcement Applications of Behavioral Techniques  Therapy  Education Radical Behaviorism and Personality Theory: Some Concerns

4. Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter Overview PSYCHOLOGICAL BEHAVIORISM: STAATS Reinforcement Basic Behavioral Repertoires  The Emotional-Motivational Repertoire  The Language-Cognitive Repertoire  The Sensory-Motor Repertoire Situations Psychological Adjustment The Nature-Nurture Question from the Perspective of Psychological Behaviorism

5. Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter Overview Personality Assessment from a Behavioral Perspective The Act-Frequency Approach to Personality Measurement Contributions of Behaviorism to Personality Theory and Measurement

6. Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Preview of Skinner’s and Staats’s Theory

7. Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Radical Behaviorism: Skinner

8. Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. B. F. Skinner Burrhus Frederic Skinner born in 1904 in Pennsylvania Inventor and writer as a youngster Doctorate in Psychology from Harvard (1931) Professorships at Minnesota, Indiana and Harvard Died in 1990 of Leukemia

9. Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Behavior as the Data for Scientific Study  The Evolutionary Context of Operant Behavior  The Rate of Responding

10. Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. The Evolutionary Context Of Operant Behavior behavior selected by the environment

11. Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. operant conditioning Mode of learning in which the frequency of responding is influenced by the consequences that are contingent upon a response bar-pressing in rats, reinforced by food smiling in a child, reinforced by parental approval Definition: Examples:

12. Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. The Rate of Responding Skinner box  controls the environment operant response response

13. Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Learning Principles  Reinforcement: Increasing the Rate of Responding  Punishment and Extinction: Decreasing the Rate of Responding  Additional Behavioral Techniques

14. Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Reinforcement: Increasing the Rate of Responding positive reinforcer base rate primary reinforcer secondary reinforcer negative reinforcer

15. Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Punishment and Extinction: Decreasing the Rate of Responding punishment: a stimulus contingent upon a response and that has the effect of decreasing the rate of responding extinction: reduction in the rate of responding when reinforcement ends

16. Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Additional Behavioral Techniques shaping: reinforcement of successive approximations of behavior chaining: one response produces or alters some of the variables that control another response discrimination learning: learning to respond differentially, depending on environmental stimuli generalization: responding to stimuli that are similar to, but not identical to, the stimuli present during training

17. Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Schedules of Reinforcement Continuous Reinforcement Partial Reinforcement  fixed ratio schedule (FR)  variable ratio schedule (VR)  fixed interval schedule (FI)  variable interval schedule (VI)

18. Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Applications of Behavioral Techniques Therapy  behavior modification  functional analysis  token economies Education  teaching machines (programmed instruction)

19. Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Radical Behaviorism and Personality Theory: Some Concerns Walden Two (Utopian community) unique human capacities (including language) freedom and dignity

20. Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Psychological Behaviorism: Staats

21. Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Reinforcement a procedure or environment in which no reinforcements are given in an effort to extinguish unwanted behavior removal of a disruptive child from a school class, to improve behavior Time-out: Example:

22. Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Reinforcement based on emotion contrast with Skinner's radical empiricism contrast with Dollard and Miller's drive reduction

23. Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Basic Behavioral Repertoires  The Emotional-Motivational Repertoire  The Language-Cognitive Repertoire  The Sensory-Motor Repertoire

24. Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Personality as a Basic Behavioral Repertoire

25. Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Basic Behavioral Repertoire

26. Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. The Emotional-Motivational Repertoire

27. Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. The Emotional-Motivational Repertoire

28. Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Situations A-R-D theory  A: affects and attitudes  R: reinforcements  D: direct behavior

29. Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Psychological Adjustment depends on learning (basic behavioral repertoire) for example:  emotions (phobias, depression, anxiety)  social skills  positive self-concept  standards for behavior (perfectionism)

30. Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. The Nature-Nurture Question from the Perspective of Psychological Behaviorism intensive learning learning builds on nature biology can influence a person  before learning  during learning  after learning

31. Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. The Nature-Nurture Question from the Perspective of Psychological Behaviorism

32. Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Personality Assessment from a Behavioral Perspective

33. Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. The Act-Frequency Approach to Personality Measurement measuring personality traits by assessing the frequency of prototypical behaviors affiliation needs assessed by frequency of choosing to work with friends dominance assessed by frequency of interrupting others Definition: Examples:

34. Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Contributions of Behaviorism to Personality Theory and Measurement

35. Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter Review RADICAL BEHAVIORISM: SKINNER Behavior as the Data for Scientific Study Learning Principles Schedules of Reinforcement Applications of Behavioral Techniques Radical Behaviorism & Personality Theory: Some Concerns PSYCHOLOGICAL BEHAVIORISM: STAATS Reinforcement Basic Behavioral Repertoires Situations Psychological Adjustment The Nature-Nurture Question from the Perspective of Psychological Behaviorism Personality Assessment from a Behavioral Perspective The Act-Frequency Approach to Personality Measurement Contributions of Behaviorism to Personality Theory & Measurement