1.  Cardiovascular System - Blood Topics in Human Pathophysiology Fall 2011 Gilead Drug Safety and Public Health

2. Outline  Antiviral agents  Overview of cardiovascular system  Blood  Overview  Plasma  Red blood cells  Platelets

3. Viral Therapies of Gilead  NRTIs - nucleotide analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors: Viread (tenofovir), EMTRIVA® (emtricitabine),  HBV polymerase inhibitor - Viread (tenofovir), Hepsera® (adefovir dipivoxil)  Non nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors - Efavirenz (packaged with emtricitabine and tenofovir to make Atripla)

4. Cardiovascular system  Consists of heart, blood vessels, blood  Blood transports water, nutrients, wastes, chemical messengers, oxygen, carbon dioxide  Blood protects us from bleeding, and pathogens  CV system is interdependent on skeletal system, digestive system, respiratory system, urinary system

7. Blood  Consists of:  Plasma: water, ions, nutrients, gases, wastes, proteins.  Red Blood Cells – erythrocytes  White Blood Cells – leukocytes  Platelets - thrombocytes

8. Figure 7.2

9. Blood Components

10. Some Disorders Related to Plasma  Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances  Acidosis and Alkalosis  Edema  Infection - Sepsis  Clotting Disorders  Lipid Disorders

11. Erythrocytes

12. Hemoglobin Figure 7.4

13. Antigen-Antibody Interactions

14. Blood Types

15. Blood Cell Genesis

16. Disorders of Erythrocytes  Anemias  Blood Type mismatching – Acute Hemolytic Reaction  Hemolytic Reaction of the Newborn  Blood Doping - polycythemia

17. Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

18. Platelets

19. Stages of Hemostasis

20. Disorders of Clotting  Thrombi and Emboli  Hemophilia  Thrombocytopenia  Impaired Liver Function

21. White Blood Cells - Leukocytes  Protect against pathogens by:  causing inflammation and fever  phagocytosing pathogens  creating antibodies to tag pathogens for destruction  killing pathogens in other ways  Creating a cadre of cells to fight reinfection by specific pathogens (immune memory)