Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Learning Chapter Eight. Definitions Learning-the process by which experience or practice results in a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior.

Published byGilbert Lawson Modified over 9 years ago

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Learning Chapter Eight. Definitions Learning-the process by which experience or practice results in a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior."— Presentation transcript:

1 Learning Chapter Eight

2 Definitions Learning-the process by which experience or practice results in a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior. Conditioning- acquisition of fairly specific patterns of behavior in the presence of well defined stimul.

3 Learning through Habituation Habituation- simplest form of learning, which refers to decline in an organism’s response to a stimulus, once the stimulus has become familiar. Dishabituation- an increase in responding caused by the presence of something novel. A change in stimulation brings the organism important news about its world

4 Types of Conditioning Classical Conditioning- (Pavlovian)-the process of learning to associate two stimuli. Operant Conditioning- (Instrumental)- the process of learning to associate a response and its consequence.

5 Classical Conditioning Unconditioned Stimulus (US) Unconditioned Response (UR) Conditioned Stimulus (CS) Conditioned Response (CR)

6 Before Conditioning: Bell(CS)No Response Food (US)Salivation(UR)

7 During Conditioning Bell followed by Food (US) Salivation After Conditioning Bell (CS)Salivation (CR)

8 Practical Applications of Classical Conditioning Phobias Desensitization Therapy

9 Operant Conditioning Involves learning association between an organism’s behavior and resulting events. Law of Effect (Thorndike)-consistently rewarded behavior will be likely to recur (stamped in) while behavior that brings about discomfort will be stamped out….also known as the Principle of Reinforcement.

10 Types of Reinforcement Reinforcer- a stimulus that follows a behavior, increasing the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated. Positive Reinforcer-adds something rewarding to a situation. Negative Reinforcer-removal of an aversive stimulus. NEGATIVE REINFORER ID NOT A PUNISHING EVENT…IT IS THE REMOVAL OF A PUNISHING OR AVERSIVE EVENT.

11 Punishment Def. any event whose presence decreases the likelihood that ongoing behavior will recur. Drawbacks to punishment

12 Stages involved in Conditioning: Classical & Operant Response Acquisition-building phase of conditioning during which the likelihood or strength Classical- Operant- –Motivation –Skinner box –Shaping

13 Extinction & Spontaneous Recovery-how long does learning last, and once lost, can it be recovered. Classical Conditioning- Operant Conditioning-undergoes interference from other behaviors when the original behavior is no longer rewarded.

14 Generalization & Discrimination- –Stimulus Generalization –Response Generalization –Stimulus Discrimination –Classical Conditioning –Operant Conditioning

15 New Learning based on Original Learning Classical Conditioning-Higher order conditioning. Operant Conditioning –Primary Reinforcers –Secondary Reinforcers

16 Schedules of Reinforcement Continuous Reinforcement Partial Reinforcement (4 schedules) –Fixed ratio -reinforce behavior after a set number of responses –Variable ratio-provide reinforcers after an unpredictable number of responses. –Fixed interval- reinforce the first response afte a fixed time period. –Variable interval-reinforce the first response after varying time intervals.

17 Cognitive Learning Learning that depends on mental processes that are not directly observable. Social Learning Theory

18 Learning without Conscious Awareness How do we sometimes “just know”? Intuition

Download ppt "Learning Chapter Eight. Definitions Learning-the process by which experience or practice results in a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior."

Similar presentations

A.P. Psychology Modules 20-22

A.P. Psychology Modules 20-22
Chapter 6: Learning. Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov A type of learning in which a neutral stimulus acquires the ability to elicit a response. How.

Chapter 6: Learning. Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov A type of learning in which a neutral stimulus acquires the ability to elicit a response. How.
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Psychology in Action (8e) by Karen Huffman PowerPoint  Lecture Notes Presentation Chapter.

©John Wiley & Sons, Inc Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Psychology in Action (8e) by Karen Huffman PowerPoint  Lecture Notes Presentation Chapter.
Learning Unit 5. Topics in Learning Unit Defining Learning Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Cognitive Learning.

Learning Unit 5. Topics in Learning Unit Defining Learning Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Cognitive Learning.
Chapter 8 Learning.  Learning  relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience.

Chapter 8 Learning.  Learning  relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience.
Conditioning. Ivan Pavlov Russian scientist – he wanted to learn about the relationship between digestion and the nervous system Accidentally discovered.

Conditioning. Ivan Pavlov Russian scientist – he wanted to learn about the relationship between digestion and the nervous system Accidentally discovered.
Learning Overview F What is Learning? F Classical Conditioning F Operant Conditioning F Limits of Behaviorism F Observational Learning.

Learning Overview F What is Learning? F Classical Conditioning F Operant Conditioning F Limits of Behaviorism F Observational Learning.
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Learning Chapter 5.

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Learning Chapter 5.
Chapter 5: Learning and Behavior Presented by: Heather Hays.

Chapter 5: Learning and Behavior Presented by: Heather Hays.
Learning How do we change our behaviors? How do we cause others to change their behaviors?

Learning How do we change our behaviors? How do we cause others to change their behaviors?
Learning Questions What Causes Phobias? How Can You Control Behavior?

Learning Questions What Causes Phobias? How Can You Control Behavior?
Chapter 7: Learning 1 What is learning? A relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience First test - purpose? To assess learning First test.

Chapter 7: Learning 1 What is learning? A relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience First test - purpose? To assess learning First test.
Chapter 6: Learning. Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov Terminology –Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): evokes an unconditioned response without previous conditioning.

Chapter 6: Learning. Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov Terminology –Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): evokes an unconditioned response without previous conditioning.
Learning.

Learning.
Chapter 6: Learning. Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov Terminology –Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) –Conditioned Stimulus (CS) –Unconditioned Response (UCR)

Chapter 6: Learning. Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov Terminology –Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) –Conditioned Stimulus (CS) –Unconditioned Response (UCR)
A Brief Introduction to Learning Theory The concept of learning is fundamental to education We can teach. We can re-teach. We can teach alternatives.

A Brief Introduction to Learning Theory The concept of learning is fundamental to education We can teach. We can re-teach. We can teach alternatives.
Chapter 6 Learning. Table of Contents Classical conditioning Ivan Pavlov Terminology –Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) –Conditioned Stimulus (CS) –Unconditioned.

Chapter 6 Learning. Table of Contents Classical conditioning Ivan Pavlov Terminology –Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) –Conditioned Stimulus (CS) –Unconditioned.
INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY

INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY
© 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 6: Learning.

© 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 6: Learning.
Chapter 6 Learning. Table of Contents Learning Learning defined on page –Classical conditioning –Operant/Instrumental conditioning –Observational learning.

Chapter 6 Learning. Table of Contents Learning Learning defined on page –Classical conditioning –Operant/Instrumental conditioning –Observational learning.

Similar presentations

Ads by Google