1. 17-July-2007 Access Networks PSTNDSLATM

2. PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network PSTN technical standards created by the ITU- T (formerly CCITT), and uses E.163/E.164 addresses (known more commonly as telephone numbers) for addressing. PSTN technical standards created by the ITU- T (formerly CCITT), and uses E.163/E.164 addresses (known more commonly as telephone numbers) for addressing.

3. PSTN Connection MDF PSTN switch NAS Modem emulator Router Core ISP

4. DSL Often called xDSL due to many variants ADSL, SHDSL, HDSL, IDSL ADSL, SHDSL, HDSL, IDSL ADSL: Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line SDSL: Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line

5. ADSL Line splitter / Filter Data in higher frequency Data in higher frequency Voice in lower frequency Voice in lower frequency

6. DSL connection ISP MDF Voice to PSTN DSLAM splitter / filter LAN filter RADIUS Core BRAS

7. DSL Modem

8. PPP Point-to-Point Protocol; RFC 1661 Commonly encapsulated as PPPoE or PPPoA Auto configured via LCP

9. ATM Asyncronous Transfer Mode Operates at L2 Operates at L2 UNI connections – customer interface UNI connections – customer interface NNI connection – internodals NNI connection – internodals

10. VP/VC Virtual Path Virtual Channel Locally significant only

11. PVC: Private Virtual Circuit Auckland aEDGE01 at-1/2/3.0.32 at-0/0/0.130.62 Tauranga aEDGE01 at-0/0/0.98.30 at-1/0/1.0.23 Tauranga aCORE01 at-1/1/1.98.30 at-1/2/1.90.78 Auckland aCORE01 at-1/1/1.130.62 at-2/2/2.90.78

12. PVP: Private Virtual Path Auckland aEDGE01 at-1/2/3.32 at-0/0/0.109 Tauranga aEDGE01 at-0/0/0.67 at-1/0/1.84 Tauranga aCORE01 at-1/1/1.67 at-1/2/1.78 Auckland aCORE01 at-1/1/1.109 at-2/2/2.78

13. VPI 0 VCI 108 VCI 45 VCI 56 VCI 108 VCI 45 VCI 56 VPI 1 Core

14. Transport Network SPVC Scenario 1: Node Failure aCORE01aCORE02 aEDGE01 aEDGE32 aCORE11aCORE12 aCORE01

15. Transport Network SPVC Scenario 2: Port Failure aCORE01aCORE02 aEDGE01 aEDGE32 aCORE11aCORE12

16. MIR/PIR Minimum Information Rate Reserved bandwidth Reserved bandwidth Peak Information Rate