1. Internet Metering 29.04.2005 / 1 Internet Metering Introduction Contents: Introduction Hopes Facts Obstacles Solutions Summary Harold Hayes, Product Manager I+C Meters Landis+Gyr Africa Internet

2. Internet Metering 29.04.2005 / 2 Introduction The mobile communication and the Internet are technologies and markets, which are determined through a high dynamic. The assembling of the two subjects causes even higher expectations. Not only new services and applications, but also complete new business areas will be developed over the next few years. In the practise the fulfilment of the expectations has been seen as not unproblematic. The transmission in the wireless environment is determined through low bandwidth, higher delay times, fundamental smaller reliability and high security needs. According to the situation the technologies as TCP and Internet applications have to be adapted.

3. Internet Metering 29.04.2005 / 3 Hopes Standard Internet technology is available and can be used for metering GPRS/Ethernet: Is always connected and the technology is cheap GPRS/Ethernet: Reduced communication costs Faster read out times New applications

4. Internet Metering 29.04.2005 / 4 Facts GPRS and Ethernet offers low-cost access to the Internet via TCP Internet technologies are supported by the utility‘s IT-departments PSTN modem banks are supported by the meter reading department Existing infrastructure (Central station, LAN, meters etc.) can be upgraded to Internet Metering Online monitoring Ethernet replaces telephone lines in I+C buildings Enabler as world wide energy data provider

5. Internet Metering 29.04.2005 / 5 Communication Costs Calculation example Typical application: Daily read-out time of 6 energy load profiles, TM=15min Typical system: Typical system parameters: GSM read out time:72s (via dlms) GPRS data size: 10kByte GSM/GPRS Network Central station Meter

6. Internet Metering 29.04.2005 / 6 Communication Costs Calculation example Tariffication model: Provider, Vodacom SA http://www.vodacom.co.za GSM: R0.99/min GPRS: R0.02/10kByte Typical data size per day: Data (HDLC) per day:6.2kByte TCP overhead per day:2.8kByte Heart beats (HDLC) for 5 hours:1.0kByte Total:10kByte

7. Internet Metering 29.04.2005 / 7 Communication Costs Calculation example GSM Fix cost per year: = 12*R 1490/month talk 1000 Variable cost per year: R433 = 72s*R 0. 0165 /Sec *365days/year GPRS Fix cost per year: 12*R 1490/month talk 1000 Variable cost per year: R 73 =10kByte*R 0.02 /10kByte *365days/year Cost saving per meter per year: R 360.62 Communication cost = f (Tariffication model, Data size) R 360.62 * 5000 meters R 1.8 million per year

8. Internet Metering 29.04.2005 / 8 Solution: Internet Meter Gateway Solution set: Internet Meter Gateway, VPN, Data encryption Obstacles Addressing: The meter cannot be addressed from the Internet: Shortage of IP addresses, Security. System integration: Existing data acquisition systems do not accept access from the internet: Security, Scheduler based processes. Unauthorized meter access Unauthorized changes to parameters or software in the meter Virus attacks to meter Data fraud Technology Lifetime: Internet -> 3 years, Metering -> 15 years

9. Internet Metering 29.04.2005 / 9 The Internet Meter Gateway Solution1/2 Central Station COM1 COM2... PSTN Network Internet Gateway = Replacing the modem bank Virtual Comports

10. Internet Metering 29.04.2005 / 10 The Internet Meter Gateway Solution 2/2 Central Station COM1 COM2... PSTN Network Internet = System Security DMZ Gateway F i r e w a l l Meter gate guard Internet Meter Gateway in combination with the communication unit controls and restricts the access to the meter

11. Internet Metering 29.04.2005 / 11 How does the system work? GRPS private GSM-Network (e.g. Swisscom) Internet Central Internet Meter Gateway Intranet Fix IP Address Virtual Com Port connection Ethernet Dynamic IP Addressing 2. Dynamic IP Addressing 3. Subscribe to iMEGA Meter x 4. Dial (ATDT...) via ComPort Dial Meter x 5. Meter Connected to central 1. Login to Network Pre-Settings Fix IP address connects central to iMEGA IP Address of iMEGA and Identifier Fix IP Address connects iMEGA to LAN/Internet

12. Internet Metering 29.04.2005 / 12 System migration at central side Migration cases: Communication technology: GSM, PSTN  GPRS, Ethernet Call process: central calls meter  meter calls central Processing: sequential processing  parallel processing Implementation task: Installation of virtual modems (Existing physical modems may remain) Installation of an Internet Meter Gateway in DMZ Central station requirement Support of high communication delay times At central station no conception change needed.

13. Internet Metering 29.04.2005 / 13 Data acquisition times Sequential versus parallel Sequential data acquisition by using PSTN/GSM technology Parallel data acquisition by using GPRS/Ethernet technology M1M2M3M4M5Mn+1 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 Mn Time saving compared to PSTN/GSM technology

14. Internet Metering 29.04.2005 / 14 Security at meter side Data encryption Internet 001011010001 001001010010 100101010010 010100101010 101010101010 101010010101 010101010100 100101010101 100101001010 Metering Company Market Participant 001011010001 001001010010 100101010010 010100101010 101010101010 101010010101 010101010100 100101010101 100101001010 Signature Algorithm: Elliptic Curve (ECDSA) ISO/IEC 5946-1/2/3, ISO/IEC 7816 Key Length: 192 Bit corresponding to RSA 1280 Bits

15. Internet Metering 29.04.2005 / 15 Summary Opportunities with Internet Metering A wireless connection (GPRS) or a connection via LAN (Ethernet Local Area Network) to the Internet is conveniently possible with TCP/IP. Existing infrastructures such as central stations, LAN, meters, etc. can continue in use. The installation and maintenance costs are reduced, however, since for example no further central station modems are required. Parallel data acquisition results in shorter acquisition times. With TCP/IP the meters can be permanently connected to the central station to permit continuous monitoring of the meters. Nevertheless the communication costs with GPRS are significantly lower than with normal GSM mobile communication. Worldwide Internet access and lower communication costs (there are also no roaming costs for connections abroad) make new applications possible, e.g. worldwide energy data providers.