1. FCoE

2. LIO currently supports the iSCSI, FCoE and InfiniBand (SRP) protocols

3. LIO - Fabric modules
A fabric module provides the services of the SCSI target module over a definite protocol. There are fabric modules for Fibre Channel, FCoE (Fibre Channel over Ethernet) SCSI over IP networks, and others. With this, one may build so-called Storage Area Networks (SAN).

4. LIO - Features
The configuration of LIO is done through Linux's configfs, the administration through a command-line utility (RTSadmin). Starting with version 2, configurations for Fibre Channel, FCoE and Infiniband can be so administered. Version 2 was dual licensed and a community version 'targetcli' has been released under the AGPL.

5. NetApp - Filers
NetApp's filers initially used NFS and CIFS protocols based on standard local area networks (LANs), whereas block storage consolidation required storage area networks (SANs) implemented with the Fibre Channel (FC) protocol. In 2002, in an attempt to increase market share, NetApp added block storage access as well. Today, NetApp systems support it via FC protocol, the iSCSI protocol, and the emerging Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) protocol.

6. Quality of service - Applications
Storage applications such as iSCSI and FCoE

7. iSCSI - Concepts
As a result, iSCSI is often seen as a low-cost alternative to Fibre Channel, which requires dedicated infrastructure except in its FCoE (Fibre Channel over Ethernet) form

8. Amazing Facts - AFCOE
'Amazing Facts' operates the Amazing Facts Center Of Evangelism (AFCOE). AFCOE trains and equips clergy and lay people in all aspects of evangelistic ministry.

9. Data center bridging
The higher level goal is to use a single set of Ethernet physical devices or adapters for computers to talk to a Storage Area Network, Local Area network and InfiniBand fabric.Silvano Gai, Data Center Networks and Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) (Nuova Systems, 2008)

10. Data center bridging - Other groups
This gave rise to the development of the FCoE protocol, which needed reliable Ethernet transport

11. Brocade Communications - Products
Other hardware solutions from Brocade support common protocols including iSCSI, FCIP, GigE, FICON, Fibre Channel over Ethernet|FCoE, Data center bridging|DCB/CEE, and Layer 4-7 networking protocols.

12. Brocade Communications - Fibre Channel
In Late 2010 Brocade introduced Virtual Cluster Switching (VCS) on the VDX ultra-low-latency data center switch product line. These are Data center bridging|DCB/CEE- and TRILL (Computer Networking)|TRILL-based switches, eliminating the need for Spanning Tree Protocol, and supporting multi-hop Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) and self-trunking.

13. Brocade Communications - Ethernet switches and routers
The Brocade VDX 6730 Switch is a 10 GbE switch which can also use FCoE to bridge VCS Fabrics with Fibre Channel SAN fabrics

14. Ethernet Alliance - Organization
* Ethernet in the Data Center focus includes protocols such as Data Center Bridging (DCB), Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE), iSCSI, Remote direct memory access over Converged Ethernet (RoCE) and iWARP.

15. Redundant array of independent disks - Data scrubbing / Patrol read
Ulf Troppens, Wolfgang Mueller-Friedt, Rainer Erkens, Rainer Wolafka, Nils Haustein. Storage Networks Explained: Basics and Application of Fibre Channel SAN, NAS, ISCSI, InfiniBand and FCoE. John Wiley and Sons, p.39

16. Converged network adapter - Emulex
Emulex offers CNAs under the Emulex brand name as the OneConnect ten Gigabit series of dual port optical and copper adapters. They also OEM their adapters for Cisco, Dell, EMC, Fujitsu, HDS, HP, IBM and NetApp.Emulex web site:[ Emulex 10GbE FCoE Converged Network Adapters], visited March 5, 2012

17. Converged network adapter - QLogic
The QME CNA and drivers were supported by Citrix, NetApp, EMC Corporation|EMC and IBM.[ EMC joins QLogix CNA club], November 2010, visited 31 July, 2011

18. Converged network adapter - Hewlett-Packard
HP claims that their BL460c G7 was the first blade-server that offers FCoE via a LOM (Lan on Motherboard) instead of using a PCI-slot or mezzanine-card.ITBrand Pulse [ HP embeds 10Gb CNA], january 2011, downloaded: 31 July, 2011

19. Converged network adapter - Dell
For the normal tower- and rackservers Dell offers an OEM version of the standard QME 8152.Storage Stategies Now report (republished on Qlogic website): [ Dell chooses QLogic], Deni Connor, December 2009, visited: 31 July, 2011

20. QLogic - Fibre Channel SAN products
** OEM-branded FCoE Switch Modules

21. Nexus 1000V - Nexus 2000 series
The 2000 series consists of 4 different models. Three models offer 24 or 48 gigabit only or gigabit/fastethernet copper interfaces and up to 4 10 Gigabit uplink interfaces on copper or fibre. The Nexus 2232PP offers thirty-two 1/10 Gbit/s ethernet and FCoE interfaces.Cisco brochure [ Nexus 2000], PDF, retrieved 28 May The Nexus 2248PQ offers forty-eight 1/10 Gigabit ethernet and FCoE interfaces.

22. Nexus 1000V - Nexus 2000 series
The maximum distance between the FEX and the mother-switch is 3 kilometer when it is only used for TCP/IP traffic and 300 meter when carrying also Fibre Channel over Ethernet|FCoE traffic.Cisco datasheet: [ Cisco Nexus B22 Blade Fabric Extender], July 2012

23. Nexus 1000V - Nexus 4000 series
The Nexus 4000 series consists of only the model 4001: a Blade server|blade-switch module for IBM BladeCenter that has all 10 Gbit Fibre Channel over Ethernet or 'FCoE' interfaces

24. Nexus 1000V - Nexus 5000 series
The 5000-series offer carrier-grade layer2 and layer3 switching as well as the mentioned FCoE capabilitiesCisco brochure ,[ Nexus 5000 series], PDF, retrieved 28 May 2011

25. Nexus 1000V - Nexus 5010
* A one rack-unit high switch with 20 fixed 10Gbit/s supporting ethernet, FCoE and DCB interfaces and one expansion port offering one of the modules

26. Nexus 1000V - Nexus 5020
A two rack-unit high switch with 40 fixed 10Gbit/s supporting ethernet, FCoE and DCB and two expansion ports each offering one of the modules

27. Nexus 1000V - Nexus 5548
::* 16 port unified offering 1-10 Gbps SFP+ slot for ethernet and FCoE OR 1,2,4 or 8 native fibre channel

28. Nexus 1000V - Nexus 5548
::* 8 ports SFP+ 10Gbps ethernet and FCoE plus 8 ports 1,2,4 or 8 native fibre-channel.Cisco website on the [ Nexus 5500 chassis], visited 28 May 2011

29. Nexus 1000V - Nexus 6000 series
Nexus 5500 or Brocade Communications Systems|Brocade 8000 switch (which is same as Dell PowerConnect 8000e or blade version Dell M1000e#PCM 8428-k Brocade FCoE|PCM 8428-k)).

30. Nexus 1000V - Nexus 6004
For layer3 and Fibre Channel over Ethernet|FCoE operation additional licences are required[ Cisco Nexus 6004 datasheet], 2013, downloaded: 14 April 2013

31. NetApp filer
Filers can also serve data over block-based protocols such as Fibre Channel (FC), Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) and iSCSI.

32. NetApp filer - Data ONTAP OS
Since 2002, all NetApp FAS systems can also work as SAN storage over block-based protocols such as FC, iSCSI and FCoE (since 2007).

33. Sun Open Storage - Technologies
At the storage protocol layer, OpenSolaris supported SCSI, iSCSI, iSNS, Fibre Channel, FCoE, InfiniBand, Remote direct memory access|RDMA, Object storage device, and Serial Attached SCSI|SAS.

34. * FCoE (Nexus 5000/7000 linecards)
NX-OS - Features
* FCoE (Nexus 5000/7000 linecards)

35. Nexus Nexus 6000 series
Nexus 5500 or Brocade Communications Systems|Brocade 8000 switch (which is same as Dell PowerConnect 8000e or blade version Dell M1000e#PCM 8428-k Brocade FCoE|PCM 8428-k)).

36. IBM Storwize V7000 - Storwize V7000
* For each control enclosure: Eight 8 Gbit/s Fibre Channel ports (four 8 Gbit/s FC ports per controller), four 1 Gbit/s iSCSI and optionally four 10 Gbit/s iSCSI/FCoE host ports (two 1 Gbit/s iSCSI and optionally two 10 Gbit/s iSCSI/FCoE ports per controller)

37. FCoE
'Fibre Channel over Ethernet' ('FCoE') is a computer network technology that encapsulates Fibre Channel frames over Ethernet networks. This allows Fibre Channel to use 10 Gigabit Ethernet networks (or higher speeds) while preserving the Fibre Channel protocol. The specification was part of the International Committee for Information Technology Standards T11 FC-BB-5 standard published in 2009.

38. FCoE - Functionality
FCoE protocol specification replaces the Fibre Channel Protocol#Layers|FC0 and FC1 layers of the Fibre Channel stack with Ethernet. By retaining the native Fibre Channel constructs, FCoE was meant to integrate with existing Fibre Channel networks and management software.

39. FCoE - Functionality
Data centers used Ethernet for TCP/IP networks and Fibre Channel for storage area networks (SANs). With FCoE, Fibre Channel becomes another network protocol running on Ethernet, alongside traditional Internet Protocol (IP) traffic. FCoE operates directly above Ethernet in the network protocol stack, in contrast to iSCSI which runs on top of TCP and IP. As a consequence, FCoE is not routable at the IP layer, and will not work across routed IP networks.

40. FCoE - Functionality
Since classical Ethernet had no priority-based Ethernet flow control|flow control, unlike Fibre Channel, FCoE required enhancements to the Ethernet standard to support a priority-based flow control mechanism (to reduce frame loss from congestion). The IEEE standards body added priorities in the data center bridging Task Group.

41. FCoE - Functionality
FCoE encapsulation can be done in software with a conventional Ethernet network interface card, however FCoE CNAs offload (from the CPU) the low level frame processing and SCSI protocol functions traditionally performed by Fibre Channel host bus adapters.

42. FCoE - Application
The main application of FCoE is in data center storage area networks (SANs). FCoE has particular application in data centers due to the cabling reduction it makes possible, as well as in server virtualization applications, which often require many physical I/O connections per server.

43. FCoE - Application
With FCoE, network (IP) and storage (SAN) data traffic can be consolidated using a single network. This consolidation can:

44. FCoE - Frame Format
Reserved bits are present to guarantee that the FCoE frame meets the minimum length requirement of Ethernet

45. FCoE - Frame Format
The FIP (FCoE Initialization Protocol) is an integral part of FCoE. Its main goal is to discover and initialize FCoE capable entities connected to an Ethernet cloud. FIP uses a dedicated Ethertype of 0x8914.

46. FCoE - Timeline
The FCoE technology was defined as part of the International Committee for Information Technology Standards (INCITS) T11 FC-BB-5 standard that was forwarded to ANSI for publication in June 2009.

47. FCoE - Timeline
The datacenter switches from Force10 and Dell PowerConnect support FCoE and in June 2013 Dell Networking, which is the new brand-name for all networking portfolio of Dell, will introduce the Dell Networking#S-series|S5000 series which can be a fully native FCoE switch with the option to include a native fibre channel module, allowing you to connect the S5000 directly to an FC SAN environmentDell Networking [ S-Series switches overview], visited 26 May, 2013

48. Cisco Unified Computing System - Networking
The FCoE component is necessary for connection to Storage area network|SAN storage, since the UCS system blade servers have very little local storage capacity

49. Extensible Firmware Interface - Network booting
Included is also support for boot images remotely stored on storage area networks (SANs), with iSCSI|Internet Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI) and Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) as supported protocols for accessing the SANs.

50. ATA over Ethernet - Protocol description
AoE runs on layer 2 Ethernet. AoE does not use internet protocol (IP); it cannot be accessed over the Internet or other IP networks. In this regard it is more comparable to FCoE|Fibre Channel over Ethernet than iSCSI.

51. IBM SAN Volume Controller - Architecture
All Fibre Channel FCoE ports on the SVC are both targets and initiators, and are also utilized for inter-cluster communication

52. IBM Storage - Storwize Family
IBM Storwize V7000 is a virtualizing storage system from IBM based on the software from the IBM SAN Volume Controller (SVC). It can attach to storage clients via FCP, FCoE or iSCSI (1 or 10 Gbit/s) protocols and can use Real-time Compression to reduce disk space usage by up to 80 percent.

53. IBM Storage - Storwize Family
IBM Storwize V5000, announced in 2013, is a mid-range virtualizing storage system offering many of the features of the V7000 in a 2U rack-mount enclosure. Storwize V5000 supports 6 Gb SAS and 1 Gb iSCSI host attachment and either 8 Gb FC or 10 Gb iSCSI/FCoE host attachment. The system can support up to 168 drives with six expansion enclosures, and up to 336 drives in a two-way cluster configuration.

54. IBM Storage - Storwize Family
*Host attachment through 1 Gb iSCSI ports and 6 Gb SAS ports (standard), with optional 1Gb iSCSI, 6 Gb SAS, 10 Gbit/s iSCSI/FCoE, or 8 Gb Fibre Channel expansion cards.

55. IBM Storage - N Series
The IBM N series solutions are rebranded NetApp FAS arrays, with multiprotocol architecture that natively implements block- and file- based protocols (FCP, iSCSI, NFS, CIFS, FCoE). The system is designed to offer application integration and storage efficiency, with block level de-duplication on primary data and other features. The N Series is offered through an OEM relationship between IBM and NetApp.

56. Dell PowerConnect - Product line
The Powerconnect-J (Juniper Networks) and B (Brocade Communications Systems|Brocade) series are not longer sold, except for the B8000e/Dell M1000e#PCM 8428-k Brocade FCoE|PCM8428-K full Fibre Channel over Ethernet|FCoE switches. Most of these products are now replaced by Force10 models.

57. Dell PowerConnect - 8100 series
It is a small (1U) switch with a high port-density and can be used as distribution or (collapsed)core switch for campus networks and for use in the datacenter it offers features such as loss-less ethernet for iSCSI and FCoE, data center bridging (DCB) and iSCSI Auto-configureDell [ PowerConnect 8100 spec sheet], July 2012

58. Dell PowerConnect - M-series
The FIP snooping feature enables the M8024-k to link Dell M-Series blades to an external top-of-rack or end-of-row FCoE forwarding switch and provides FCoE connectivity to the servers

59. Dell PowerConnect - M-series
Also under the M-series name Dell offers the Brocade Communications Systems M5424 8Gb Fibre Channel switch and the M8428-k Converged 10GbE Switch which offers 10GbE performance, FCoE switching, and low-latency 8 Gb Fibre Channel (FC) switching and connectivity.Dell website [ M8424 switch], visited 23 December 2011

60. Dell PowerConnect - Features
The Broadcom based multi-layer switches offer a wide range of layer-2 and layer-3 options, and new features are added all the time. Until version 4.2 it wasn't possible to stack multiple 10Gb switches and converged ethernet (FCoE) capabilities for the 10Gb switches was added in firmware version 4.1

61. Dell PowerConnect - B-, J- and W-series
Due to the acquisition of Force10 all the PowerConnect-J series and nearly all of the PowerConnect B-series have been discontinued. Only the Brocade based PC-B8000e and the blade version Dell M1000e#PCM 8428-k Brocade FCoE|PCM 8428-k) full Fibre Channel over Ethernet|FCoE switches are still available (as are pure Fibre Channel switches). Also the Cisco Catalyst 3xxx switches for the M1000e enclosure are still available.

62. Dell M1000e - Power Edge M820
The M820 offers a choice of 3 different on-board converged Ethernet adaptors for 10 Gbit/s Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) from Broadcom, Brocade Communications Systems|Brocade or QLogic and up to two additional Mezzanine for Ethernet, Fibre Channel or InfiniBand I/ODell website: Poweredge [ M820 Technical specifications], visited 28 July 2012

63. Dell M1000e - Power Edge M915
The blade comes with a choice of on-board NICs and up to two mezzanine cards for dual-port 10Gb Ethernet, dual-port FCoE, dual-port 8Gb fibre-channel or dual port Mellanox Infiniband

64. Dell M1000e - (Converged) Ethernet Mezzanine cards
The same applies to adding a Fibre Channel host bus adapter or a Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) converged network adapter interface

65. Dell M1000e - Blade storage
In most setups the server-blades will use external storage (Storage Area Network|NAS using iSCSI, Fibre Channel over Ethernet|FCoE or Fibre Channel) in combination with local server-storage on each blade via hard disk drives or SSDs on the blades (or even only a SD-card with boot-OS like VMware ESXWhitepaper on redundant SD card installation of [ Hypervisors], visited 19 February 2013)

66. Dell M1000e - PowerConnect M8024 and 8024k
Since firmware update 4.2 the PCM8024-k supports partially Fibre Channel over Ethernet|FCoE via FIP (FCoE Initialisation Protocol) and thus Converged network adapters but unlike the PCM#PowerConnect M8428k|8428-k it has no native fibre channel interfaces.

67. Dell M1000e - I/O Aggregator
The I/O aggregator supports Fibre Channel over Ethernet|FCoE and DCB (Data center bridging) featuresDell website: [ PowerEdge M I/O Aggregator], August, 2012

68. Dell M1000e - PCM 8428-k Brocade FCoE
Although the PCM8024-k and MXL switch do support Fibre Channel over Ethernet, it is not a 'native' FCoE switch: it has no Fibre Channel interfaces. These switches would need to be connected to a native FCoE switch such as the Dell PowerConnect#B-.2C J- and W-series|Powerconnect B-series 8000e (same as a Brocade 8000 switch) or a Cisco Nexus 5000 series switch with fibre channel interfaces (and licenses).

69. Zoning
'Zoning' is a device of land-use planning used by local governments in most developed countries.E.g., Lefcoe, George, The Regulation of Superstores: The Legality of Zoning Ordinances Emerging from the Skirmishes between Wal-Mart and the United Food and Commercial Workers Union (April 2005)

70. UEFI - Network booting
Also included is support for boot images remotely stored on storage area networks (SANs), with iSCSI|Internet Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI) and Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) as supported protocols for accessing the SANs.

71. LIO Target
LIO supports common storage fabrics, including FCoE, Fibre Channel, IEEE 1394, iSCSI, iSCSI Extensions for RDMA (iSER), SCSI RDMA Protocol (SRP) and Universal Serial Bus|USB. It is included in most Linux distributions. Native support for LIO in QEMU/Kernel-based Virtual Machine|KVM, libvirt, and OpenStack makes LIO also a storage option for cloud deployments.

72. LIO Target - FCoE
The Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) fabric module allows the transport of Fibre Channel protocol (FCP) traffic across data center bridging|lossless Ethernet networks. The specification, supported by a large number of network and storage vendors, is part of the Technical Committee T11 FC-BB-5 standard.

73. LIO Target - FCoE
The FCoE fabric module was contributed by Cisco and Intel, and released with Linux 3.0 on July 21, 2011.

74. Quality-of-service - Applications
* Storage applications such as iSCSI and FCoE

75. Dell Networking - Dell Networking S series
The S-5000 is targeted for datacenter networking as either a 10G access-switch or a datacenter distribution switches. It can also be used as (routing) core switch in smaller datacenters. It fully supports Data Center Bridging (DCB) and can also be used as FCoE or Fibre Channel switch by using a FC interface module.

76. Fibre Channel over Ethernet - Timeline
In October 2007, the first public end-to-end FCoE demo occurred at Storage Network World including adapters from QLogic, switches from Nuova Systems, and storage from NetApp (none of the companies involved made any product announcements at the time).

77. Fibre Channel over Ethernet - Timeline
In June 2009, the FCoE technology that had been defined as part of the International Committee for Information Technology Standards (INCITS) T11 FC-BB-5 standard was forwarded to ANSI for publication.

78. Fibre Channel over Ethernet - Timeline
The datacenter switches from Force10 and Dell PowerConnect support FCoE and in June 2013, Dell Networking, which is the new brand-name for all networking portfolio of Dell, will introduce the Dell Networking#S-series|S5000 series which can be a fully native FCoE switch with the option to include a native fibre channel module, allowing you to connect the S5000 directly to an FC SAN environment.Dell Networking [ S-Series switches overview], visited 26 May, 2013

79. Khalid Sheikh Mohammed - Possible guilty plea
The plea will be delayed until competency evaluation (law)|mental competency hearings for Mustafa Ahmad al-Hawsawi and Ramzi bin al-Shibh can be held; Mohammed said, We want everyone to plead together., [ mirror]

80. SCST - History
Also in 2009 a target driver for Emulex Fibre Channel/FCoE adapter cards was announced by Emulex.

81. StarWind Software
'StarWind Software, Inc.' is a computer software company specializing in storage virtualization and building iSCSI, Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) and ATA-over-Ethernet storage area networks (SANs).

82. Network Appliance, Inc. - Filers
NetApp's filers initially used Network File System (protocol)|NFS and CIFS protocols based on standard local area networks (LANs), whereas block storage consolidation required storage area networks (SANs) implemented with the Fibre Channel (FC) protocol. In 2002, in an attempt to increase market share, NetApp added block storage access as well. Today, NetApp systems support it via FC protocol, the iSCSI protocol, and the emerging Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) protocol.

83. EqualLogic - PS-M 4110
The SAN communicates with the blade servers in the chassis and/or external servers via Force10 Dell M1000e#MXL 10/40 Gb switch|MXL switches, Dell M1000e#PowerConnect M8024 and 8024k|PowerConnect M8024-K or Brocade based Dell M1000e#PCM 8428-k Brocade FCoE|PC-M8428-K in the back of the enclosure. Also possible to use 10G Passthrough modules and external switches.Dell datasheet on [ EQLX PS-M4110], downloaded: 2 March 2013

84. Gould School of Law - Faculty
* George Lefcoehttp://weblaw.usc.edu/who/faculty/directory/contactInfo.cfm?detailID=229 – real estate expert; author of the widely used Real Estate Transactions textbook

85. Zoning laws
Thus, Zoning is a technique of land-use planning as a tool of urban planning used by local governments in most developed countries.E.g., Lefcoe, George, The Regulation of Superstores: The Legality of Zoning Ordinances Emerging from the Skirmishes between Wal-Mart and the United Food and Commercial Workers Union (April 2005)

86. U.S. Sixth Fleet - Task Force 68, Maritime Force Protection Force
Established 17 March 2005, CTF 68 is to command force protection forces such as construction battalions, mobile mine assembly units, and Fleet Anti-Terrorism Security Teams (FAST) platoons which are part of Marine Corps Security Force Company Europe (MCSFCoEUR).

87. For More Information, Visit:
The Art of Service