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Take out 6.1 Notes and Periodic Table!
Tuesday Nov 4th-Week 13 TOPIC: Atoms, Elements, & Compounds OBJ : 1-4 DO NOW: EXT: DUE DATE: DW: 6.1 Notes EXIT: Fill in your level of understanding AND Explain what an enzyme is and how it is used in biology/chemistry. (use your book pages) Science of Life Take out 6.1 Notes and Periodic Table! -6.1 Notes HANDOUTS to PICK-UP: -6.2 Book Pages TURN IN to ABS box: SEMINAR 2: BEFORE/AFTER SCHOOL: DW-None ABSENT AGENDA
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TUESDAY DO NOW Q: What is an ionic bond? What is a covalent bond?
Tuesday: ___11__/__4___ OBJECTIVE…#_1-4_____ TOPIC: Atoms, Elements, & Compounds Daily Work Grade- NONE DW GRADE: 2 1 0 DO NOW Q: What is an ionic bond? What is a covalent bond? A: Covalent bonds share electrons, and ionic bonds donate electrons.
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Today’s Objectives 1---IDENTIFY / DIAGRAM parts of an atom
2---DIFFERENTIATE & RECOGNIZE relationships of atoms, elements, molecules, compounds 3---UTILIZE the periodic table to identify atomic structures of elements (CHOPN- characteristics) 4---COMPARE / CONTRAST covalent bonds and ionic bonds
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These should be done by test day!
Vocabulary -atom -nucleus -proton -neutron -electron -element -compound -molecule -covalent bond -ion -ionic bond These should be done by test day!
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Matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms
MAIN IDEA: Matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms
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ATOMS: smallest unit of matter
-2 parts: nucleus & orbitals 1-NUCLEUS: made of protons & neutrons 2-ORBITALS: area surrounding the nucleus -where electrons spin at amazing speeds
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ATOMS / STRUCTURE PROTONS: -p+ -located inside the nucleus -positive electric charge -relative size = 1 -ATOMIC # = # protons -unique to each element
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ATOMS / STRUCTURE NEUTRONS: -n -located inside the nucleus -no electric charge -relative size = 1 -n= atomic mass – atomic #
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ATOMS / STRUCTURE ELECTRON: -e- -located inside orbitals around the nucleus -negative electric charge -relative size = 1/1836 -has virtually no mass -#e = #p (in a stable atom)
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ATOMS / STRUCTURE electron e- proton nucleus neutron orbitals e p+ n
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ATOMS / ORBITALS -electrons orbit the nucleus in energy levels -electrons are constantly spinning like fan blades -electrons switch places in energy levels -each energy level can hold a certain # of electrons level 1 – 2 electrons level 2 – 8 electrons level 3 – 18 electrons level 4 – 32 electrons
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ATOMS / BOHR MODEL energy levels/# e- 1 - 2 2 - 8 3 - 18 4 - 32
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ATOMS / ORBITALS No-it has 6 but can hold up to 8
IDENTIFY the # of electrons in the outermost energy level of the oxygen atom.____ DETERMINE: Is the 2nd energy level of the oxygen atom full? EXPLAIN: No-it has 6 but can hold up to 8
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ATOMS / VALENCE ELECTRONS
-electrons in outer energy level -# valence electrons same as representative group -electrons involved in chemical bonds SEE PERIODIC TABLE 1-NUMBER the REPRESENTATIVE GROUPS (FAMILIES) - 1A thru 8A *GROUP # = # of valence electrons (e-) 2-NUMBER the PERIODS 1 thru 7 *PERIOD # = # of energy levels needed for the electrons
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PERIODIC TABLE of ELEMENTS
Representative groups #1-8
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ATOMS / LEWIS DOT DIAGRAMS
-represent valence electrons -use element symbol -dots represent valence electrons Cl Na P N
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ELEMENTS: pure substance
-can not be broken down into other substances -not physically / not chemically -atoms of the SAME element -same atomic # -same # p+ and e- #p = #e overall neutral charge (NO charge) -PERIODIC TABLE -see handout -atoms of same element: -same ATOMIC # -same p /e atomic # = p = e
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ELEMENTS / ISOTOPES -ISOTOPES -atoms of same element that have different # n -different ATOMIC MASS -EX OXYGEN
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ELEMENTS / RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES
-RADIOACTIVIE ISOTOPES -still no charge -changing # n affects the stability of nucleus -causes decay/break apart -Carbon-14 is radioactive- -C-14 is found in all living things -½ life: time for ½ to decay -Calculate the age of an object by finding how much C-14 remains APPLY: Another carbon isotope has 6 protons and 8 neutrons in its nucleus. What is this carbon isotope called? ___________________ carbon-14
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-Specific combination of elements -fixed ratio
COMPOUNDS- pure substance / 2 > elements combine -Specific combination of elements -fixed ratio -chemically/physically different -than elements they are made of -can NOT be broken down by physical means -CAN be broken down chemically DRAW CONCLUSIONS: Table salt is a compound made of sodium and chlorine. Could you separate the sodium from the chlorine by crushing the salt crystals? ______ EXPLAIN: NO compound cannot be broken down by physical means
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CHEMICAL BONDS VIDEO CLIP- chemical bonds
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O + C + O C O CHEMICAL BONDS / COVALENT
*GOAL: 8 e- in the outer shell of each atom -electrons are SHARED between 2 atoms -NON-METALS bond with NON-METALS (neither non-metal wants to give up e-) -forms a MOLECULE Example: O C O C O
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Na + Cl NaCl CHEMICAL BONDS / IONIC
*GOAL: 8 e- in the outer shell of each atom -electrons are TRANSFERRED between 2 atoms -METALS bond with NON-METALS (metals give up e- easily) -forms a MOLECULE Example: Na Cl NaCl
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IONS: atom that TRANSFERS electron
lose an electron positive charge gain an electron negative charge CATION (+)Element gives up e- in the outer shell -atom becomes a positively charged ion ANION (-)Element gains the e- in their outer shell -atom becomes a negatively charge ion
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REVIEW / PRACTICE p + n
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REVIEW / PRACTICE
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EXIT FILL-IN: level of understanding of today’s objective EXIT: Explain what an enzyme is and how it is used in biology/chemistry. (use your book pages)
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