1. LATIN AMERICAN HISTORY Lesson 2a Ancient History

2. Ancient Cultures Maya (250-900) (no one knows why they died out) Inca (1200-1540) (conquered by Spanish) Aztec (1325-1520) (conquered by Spanish

3. Religion in Ancient Latin America Leaders were God on earth Blood sacrifice - Barbed rope Tongue, lips, penis, or a whole heart Aztecs demanded human sacrifice – 20,000 a year – Arms and legs eaten

4. Maya

5. The ONLY fully developed written language of Pre- Columbian Civilizations Ate mainly corn Used cities ONLY for religious purposes Stopped using cities in year 900 (no known reason) Pyramid at Chichen Itza

6. Mayan Calendar (Mesoamerican Long Count calendar) Start date: August 11, 3114 BC End date: December 21, 2012 related to lunar data Completely accurate http://www.pagetworld.co.uk/mayan.php World was created five times World was destroyed four times

7. Maya Never disappeared; just stopped using cities Cities had been used ONLY for religious purposes Blood letting Some human sacrifice

8. Inca Central power Build Roads and bridges Machu Picchu

9. Inca Corn and potatoes Llama and Alpaca Rigid structure – royal family had absolute power King had absolute power: Sapa Inca (father Inca) Most people had no power and little wealth

10. Aztec

11. Metropolitan Up to 300,000 people in a city Montezuma – the last king – had total power Human sacrifice Conquered neighboring tribes – – took prisoners for blood sacrifice Big city: Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City)

12. Spanish Exploration Spanish kings had won back control of Spain Sent Columbus to explore to the West Gold, God and Glory Four voyages – 1992-1502 – hit Central America on 4 th Conquistadores arrived 1517

13. Spanish Conquerors Goal: take gold and silver from Americas Hernando Cortez conquered the Aztecs 1517 killed Montezuma, king and absolute ruler Francisco Pizarro conquered the Incas 1519 killed Atualpa, king and absolute ruler

14. Hernando Cortez Conqueror of the Aztecs Killed Montezuma

15. Description of Aztecs Blood Letting Women and Children Human Sacrifice

16. Francisco Pizarro Captured God-king Atahualpa Atahualpa tried to ransom himself Pizarro had him executed 1533 (strangled with a garrote

17. Columbian Exchange corn potato Religion disease From the Americas From Europe

18. Spanish American Society Viceroy (governor) Peninsulare (top ranking – from Spain) Creole (kids of Peninsulares) Mestizo (mix – European and Indian) Mullato (mix – European and African) Native American African Slave

19. South & Central America becomes Latin America Language - Spanish – Why Spanish? Religion – Catholic – Why were there so many converts? Society – Rigid hierarchy – How was society of Spanish Amer like Indian civilizations?