1. 24 th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012 Carbon Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites LA-UR:12-25532 Author:Quanxi Jia Intended for:24 th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012

2. 24 th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012 Carbon Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites Quanxi Jia E-mail: qxjia@lanl.gov Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, NM 87545 LAUR#:

3. 24 th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012 Acknowledgements Y. Y. Zhang, G. Zou, Y. Lin, H. Luo, S. A. Baily, N. Haberkorn, F. Ronning, N. A. Mara, L. A. Civale, A. K. Burrell, T. M. McCleskey, and E. Bauer Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 J. H. Lee, Z. Bi, and H. Wang Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 Y. T. Zhu North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695

4. 24 th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012 Outline  Introduction  Experimental details and results  CNT/PDMS stretchable conductors  CNT/NbC composites  Summary

5. 24 th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012 Outline  Introduction  Experimental details and results  CNT/PDMS stretchable conductors  CNT/NbC composites  Summary

6. 24 th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012 Unique Properties of Carbon Materials  Graphite  Diamond  C 60  CNT  Graphene Dai et al., Small 8, 1130 (2012).

7. 24 th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012 Carbon Nanomaterials for Energy Conversion and Storage Dai et al., Small 8, 1130 (2012). C 60 -grafted graphene for solar cells Supercapacitors with graphene electrodes Supercapacitors with CNT electrodes Li-ion batteries with CNT/G hybrid electrodes 3D pillared CNT/G electrodes Metal-free catalysts for fuel cells

8. 24 th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012 Graphene-Based Displays, Electronic Devices, and Photonics Novoselov et al., Nature 490, 192 (2012).

9. 24 th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012 Outline  Introduction  Experimental details and results  CNT/PDMS stretchable conductors  CNT/NbC composites  Summary

10. 24 th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012 Our Research on CNTs and Nanocomposites 50 µm 1 mm Continuous CNT ribbons directly drawn from CNT array  CNT composite fibers (inorganic & organic)  CNT ribbons sandwiched in polymer or in inorganic thin films 1)Adv. Mater. 18, 3160 (2006). 2)ACS Nano 3, 2157(2009). 3)Carbon 47, 3332 (2009). 4)Nat. Nano. 4, 738 (2009). 5)Adv. Mater. 22, 3027 (2010). Fe (1 nm)/Al 2 O 3 (10 nm)/SiO 2 /Si CVD CNT array (spinnable) Array thickness plays an important role in determining the performance of fibers/ribbons.

11. 24 th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012 Ribbons from Long CNT Arrays 4.6 mm array Ribbons being pulled from array 1m1m 20nm Fan et al., Nature 419, 801 (2002).

12. 24 th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012 Various Applications of CNT Arrays Synthesized with Special Catalyst Pretreatments ACS Nano 3, 2157(2009). Effect of deposition process on the alignment of CNT arrays

13. 24 th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012 Different Curvatures in CNT Arrays ACS Nano 3, 2157(2009).

14. 24 th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012 Strategies Used to Achieve Stretchable Interconnections Browden et al., Science, 393, p146 (1998). Rogers et al., Nat. Nano. 1, 201 (2006). compressStretch Wavy/net-shaped connections Electronic conductance Mechanical robustness Stretchable interconnections e.g. Metale.g. Rubber Kim et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 011904 (2008). Cheng et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 144103 (2009). Liquid Metal/alloy Stretch Liquid metal/alloy- filled channels

15. 24 th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012 Schematic Illustration of the Formation of CNT/PDMS Films Uncured PDMS CNT ribbon (1) Lay CNT ribbons on PDMS sheet PDMS Electrode (2) Fabricate electrodes (3) Cover the CNTs with uncured PDMS (4) Cure the PDMS CNT ribbon embedded in PDMS PDMS = poly(dimethylsiloxane) Adv. Mater. 22, 3027 (2010).

16. 24 th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012 Transparent and Flexible CNT/PDMS Composite Films 16 3 cm  Transparent (~60 %)  Flexible PDMS CNT/PDMS

17. 24 th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012 Resistance ~ Strain Characteristics of CNT/PDMS Composite Films 0% 50% 100% 1 st stretching 2 nd stretching 4 020406080100120 1.5x10 4 2.0x10 4 2.5x10 4 3.0x10 4 3.5x10 4 4.0x10 4 4.5x10 4 5.0x10 Strain (%) Resistance(Ohm) 1 st releasing

18. 24 th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012 Resistance ~ Strain Relationship of CNT/PDMS Composite Films  Ten samples have been measured and similar resistance variation behaviors during stretching/releasing have been observed. Sekitani et al., Science 21, 1468 (2008). Hu et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 16110 (2009). 50 times 10 times

19. 24 th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012 Outline  Introduction  Experimental details and results  CNT/PDMS stretchable conductors  CNT/NbC composites  Summary

20. 24 th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012 Different Techniques Available to Grow Thin Films  Physical vapor deposition (PVD)  Sputtering, e-beam evaporation, molecular beam epitaxy, pulsed laser deposition  Chemical vapor deposition (CVD)  Plasma-enhanced CVD, low pressure CVD, metal- organic CVD  Chemical solution deposition (CSD)  Sol-gel, metal-organic decomposition (MOD)