1. Packets and Protocols Recognizing Attacks with the protocol analyzer

2. Packets and Protocols Recognizing attacks   Hacker tools – –Many tools exist – –Most are freeware – –Many are simply adaptations of existing features/tools in the operating system   Ping   Trace route   Nbtstat   nslookup

3. Packets and Protocols Recognizing attacks   Ping – –Uses ICMP   Many options exist for the ping command

4. C:\WINDOWS>ping Usage: ping [-t] [-a] [-n count] [-l size] [-f] [-i TTL] [-v TOS] [-r count] [-s count] [[-j host-list] | [-k host-list]] [-r count] [-s count] [[-j host-list] | [-k host-list]] [-w timeout] target_name [-w timeout] target_nameOptions: -t Ping the specified host until stopped. -t Ping the specified host until stopped. To see statistics and continue - type Control-Break; To see statistics and continue - type Control-Break; To stop - type Control-C. To stop - type Control-C. -a Resolve addresses to hostnames. -a Resolve addresses to hostnames. -n count Number of echo requests to send. -n count Number of echo requests to send. -l size Send buffer size. -l size Send buffer size. -f Set Don't Fragment flag in packet. -f Set Don't Fragment flag in packet. -i TTL Time To Live. -i TTL Time To Live. -v TOS Type Of Service. -v TOS Type Of Service. -r count Record route for count hops. -r count Record route for count hops. -s count Timestamp for count hops. -s count Timestamp for count hops. -j host-list Loose source route along host-list. -j host-list Loose source route along host-list. -k host-list Strict source route along host-list. -k host-list Strict source route along host-list. -w timeout Timeout in milliseconds to wait for each reply. -w timeout Timeout in milliseconds to wait for each reply. Packets and Protocols Recognizing attacks

5.   Trace route –Uses ICMP Type 8, type 0 and TTL  Sends type 8 w/TTL=1  Receives TTL expired  Sends type 8 w/TTL=2  Received TTL expired

6. Packets and Protocols Recognizing attacks   NBTStat – –Displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections using NBT (NetBIOS over TCP/IP). – –Yet another way a hacker can gather data to be used against you

7. Packets and Protocols Recognizing attacks   Nslookup – –DNS tool used to look resolve IP addresses to names and to give the DNS server servicing the request.   Similar to ping -a

8. Packets and Protocols Recognizing attacks   There are many tools already written that bring together these common utilities – –Common hacker tools can be found at – –Sourceforge

9. Packets and Protocols Recognizing attacks   Sam Spade – –GUI tool used for gathering information from Websites

10. Packets and Protocols Recognizing attacks   Ping sweep tools – –Used to discover IP addresses on networks by using ICMP and ARP

11. Packets and Protocols Recognizing attacks   Port scan tools – –Used to find what ports are open on what devices – –Can scan sequentially or random

12. Packets and Protocols Recognizing attacks  Cain and Able –Good multipurpose tool for cross platform vulnerability checks

13. Packets and Protocols Recognizing attacks  ZenMap –Another multipurpose tool to gather information against network nodes

14. Packets and Protocols Recognizing attacks   SNMP Sweeps – –Two types   Brute force – –Simple guessing program   Starts with the password of a then b -> z then aa, ab, ac ->zz then aaa, aab etc   Dictionary – –Uses a pre-made list of common words or phrases

15. Packets and Protocols Recognizing attacks   Brute Force

16. Packets and Protocols Recognizing attacks   Dictionary Attack

17. Packets and Protocols Recognizing attacks   What to look for: – –Ping sweep   Look for an inordinate amount of ICMP traffic – –Port Scan   Look for incrementing destination ports – –SNMP Attack   Look for a sudden bust of SNMP traffic and monitor the community field in the capture

18. Packets and Protocols Recognizing attacks   How to defend: – –Ping   Filter out unwanted ICMP types – –Port Scan   Lock down devices and turn off unneeded applications and ports – –SNMP attacks   Use strong passwords

19. Packets and Protocols Recognizing attacks

20.  The best solution? –Get an IDS/IPS  Intrusion detection system – passive  Intrusion prevention system - active