1. Beam Stability WBS U1.03.02.02 and SPX Diagnostics WBS U1.03.03.08 Glenn Decker Group Leader APS Accelerator System Division Diagnostics DOE Lehman CD-2 Review of APS-Upgrade 4-6 December 2012

2. Outline  Beam Stability Technical Motivation  WBS Scope – Beam Stability  Staff / Org Chart  Requirements  Design  Interfaces  Risks  ES&H  Cost  Schedule  SPX Diagnostics 2 DOE Lehman CD-2 Review of the APS Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012

3. Beam Stability Technical Motivation WBS U1.03.02.02  APS orbit correction system has a lot of out-of-date hardware.  Modernization of select beam position monitoring and feedback systems will benefit the entire APS user community.  With over 15 years of operational experience, the upgrade is tailored to the noise spectrum and lattice specific to APS. 3 DOE Lehman CD-2 Review of the APS Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012

4. Beam Stability and SPX Beam Diagnostics Project Scope and WBS Level 4 U1.02.03.08, U1.03.02.02, & U1.03.03.08 4 DOE Lehman CD-2 Review of the APS Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012

5. Beam Stability Requirements WBS U1.03.02.02  APS-U Beam Stability Physics Requirement Document APS_1428984  Based on 5% of transverse beam dimensions up to 200 Hz and 10% up to 1 kHz. 5 DOE Lehman CD-2 Review of the APS Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012

6. Beam Stability Org Chart WBS U1.03.02.02 6 DOE Lehman CD-2 Review of the APS Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012

7. Existing APS Beam Position Monitoring – One Sector 7 *PUE = Pickup Electrode ** AM/PM = Amplitude to Phase conversion * ** (Bergoz) DOE Lehman CD-2 Review of the APS Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012

8. Beam Stability Scope WBS U1.03.02.02 8 *Note that GRID XBPM mechanical assemblies are in WBS 1.05.02 Front End Upgrades. ItemScopeExpected Improvement New BPM electronics and data acquisition 80 high-resolution rf BPMs, 80 Bergoz rf BPMs, 70 ID photon BPMs, 70 BM photon BPMs Factor of 2, AC noise floor. New hard x-ray BPM systems* 14 units installed in new front ends Factor of 2, long-term pointing stability Real-time feedback system Complete replacement with modern components Extend closed-loop bandwidth from 60 to 200 Hz; reduce AC beam motion by a factor of 4. BPM mechanical motion sensing Install for 14 GRID XBPMs and 68 rf BPMs Factor of 2, long-term drift DOE Lehman CD-2 Review of the APS Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012

9. RF BPM Electronics WBS U1.03.02.02.01.01, U1.03.02.02.01.02 9 G. Decker, BIW10 nm rms DOE Lehman CD-2 Review of the APS Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012

10. 10 State-of-the-art Commercial Solution I-Tech Libera Brilliance+ WBS U1.03.02.02.01.01  Noise floor approaching 2 nm / √ Hz  Long-term drift 200 nm p-p / 24 hours*  Integrated User FPGA support for feedback system development  Planned for small-aperture insertion device vacuum chambers for best source point control * Guenther Rehm, Diamond Light Source, EPAC 2008 DOE Lehman CD-2 Review of the APS Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012

11. 11 BPM Electronics APS BSP-100 Data Acquisition WBS U1.03.02.02.01.02  Eight channels/board, 88 MS/sec sampling. Altera FPGA processing.  One second (262144 samples) turn- by-turn beam history for machine studies / fault diagnosis.  Demonstrated noise floor < 10 nm / √ Hz.  Used for ongoing broadband BPM upgrade (programmatic).  Planned for Bergoz rf BPM and legacy photon BPM data acquisition upgrade. DOE Lehman CD-2 Review of the APS Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012

12.  Grazing incidence allows access to extremely high beam power (two U3.3 undulators at up to 150 mA).  X-ray fluorescence reduces stray radiation background signals significantly.  Use of two two-pixel (above, below midplane) pinhole cameras allows two independent measures of vertical x-ray beam position.  Inboard / outboard difference provides measure of horizontal beam position.  The upstream position monitor is referred to as the Grazing-Incidence Insertion Device X-ray Beam Position Monitor (GRID-XBPM).  Subject of Bingxin Yang’s talk to follow. 12 PHC = Pinhole Camera IM = Intensity Monitor PS = Photon Shutter EM = Exit Mask Next-Generation X-ray BPM System WBS U1.05.02 DOE Lehman CD-2 Review of the APS Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012 GRID-XBPM

13. Real-time Feedback System Upgrade WBS U1.03.02.02.02  Maximum 160 BPMs, 38 fast correctors  Sample rate 1.537 kHz  Based on 15-year-old digital signal processors, reflective memory  3 dB BW = 60 Hz (H), 100 Hz (V) 13  Maximum approx. 500 BPMs, 70 fast correctors, 250 slow correctors  Sample rate Frev / 14 = 19.4 kHz  Based on extremely high-speed FPGA data protocols  Access to phase detectors, beam tilt monitors supporting SPX  Interfaced to main and SPX low- level rf (LLRF) systems  3 dB BW > 200 Hz (correctors only), 1 kHz (w/ lord feedback)  Full-time FPGA expert (R. Lipa) hired into Diagnostics Group April 2012 Existing SystemUpgraded System DOE Lehman CD-2 Review of the APS Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012

14. Real-time Feedback System Upgrade cont’d WBS U1.03.02.02.02 14 APS RTFB ESD ICMS APS_1431171 DOE Lehman CD-2 Review of the APS Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012

15. Director's CD-2 Review of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project 11-13 September 2012 15 First Fast Feedback Simulation Results Integrated Spectrum Feedback Off* Feedback On Raw Horizontal Spectrum *Feedback off data derived from measured beam spectrum Synchrotron Tune 360 Hz from Main RF

16. BPM Mechanical Motion Sensing WBS U1.03.02.02.03 16  Commercially-available capacitive motion sensors have sub-nm resolution.  Mechanical Design using invar supports integrated into GRID support system, pending for insertion device vacuum chamber monitoring. DOE Lehman CD-2 Review of the APS Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012

17. 17 BPM Mechanical Motion Sensing Cont’d WBS U1.03.02.02.03 DOE Lehman CD-2 Review of the APS Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012

18. Beam Stability Required Interfaces WBS U1.03.02  Feedback system interface control documents to be written: –Monopulse rf BPMs, Bergoz (narrowband) rf BPMs, Libera BPMs –Existing x-ray BPM electronics –GRID xBPM system data acquisition electronics –Steering corrector power supply controller –EPICS, including enumeration of process variables and their functions –Timing, including the APS event system –SPX diagnostics in sector 5 –Main 352 MHz low-level rf –SPX 2815 MHz low-level rf –The APS machine protection system (MPS) 18 DOE Lehman CD-2 Review of the APS Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012

19. Beam Stability Risks WBS U1.03.02  No major risks –Beam stability could be temporarily degraded.  Single vendor for high-resolution rf BPMs possible concern.  Estimates and designs have been refined since last CD-1 review.  First high-power GRID XBPM tests completed, reducing technical risk substantially. 19 DOE Lehman CD-2 Review of the APS Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012

20. Beam Stability ES&H WBS U1.03.02 20  Integrated Safety Management System (ISMS) –APS-U Project follows Argonne’s ISMS program requirements –Argonne Integrated Safety Management System (ISMS) Description recently revised and submitted to DOE ASO Describes framework for integrating ESH requirements with mission objectives References Argonne LMS procedures which implement specific portions of the ISMS  All electrical safety practices will be adhered to. –Diagnostics has its own designated electrical equipment inspector (NRTL).  The APS work request system will be used for work planning and control. DOE Lehman CD-2 Review of the APS Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012

21. Response to Review Committee Recommendations  Machine Advisory Committee – Accelerator Physics 5/18 - 5/19 2012 (MAC 2012) “We recommend using the opportunity of this upgrade to move to an integrated, state‐of‐th­ e‐art (orbit feedback) system and not to remain constrained by limitations of existing legacy systems. We caution that this is a significant manpower effort and suggest thinking about collaborations with other light sources (US or elsewhere).” –Response: A cell controller board has been borrowed from NSLS-II for evaluation, and feedback simulation efforts have been initiated in collaboration with NSLS scientists. In addition, a workshop on feedback is being planned.  MAC 2012 “…the beam-based feedback systems for SPX need further thought and detailed simulations. Ideally these systems would be integrated into the overall feedback system.” –Response: The present design is planned to be interfaced to both the main rf and SPX rf systems.  CD-2 Director’s Review 9/11 - 9/13 2012 “The cost estimates for … mechanical motion sensors may benefit from value engineering.” –Response: See next slide … 21 DOE Lehman CD-2 Review of the APS Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012

22. Beam Stability Value Engineering WBS U1.03.02  Evaluation of alternative methodologies for mechanical motion sensing are being explored with programmatic funding: –A nano-positioner and capacitive proximity sensor have been procured for evaluation.  The APS-developed BSP-100 data acquisition module is being used in as many applications as possible. 22 DOE Lehman CD-2 Review of the APS Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012 An APS-designed LCLS-style cavity BPM with fixed antenna has been constructed. Antenna Cavity Pickup

23. Beam Stability and SPX Beam Diagnostics Project Scope and WBS Level 6 U1.02.03.08, U1.03.02.02, & U1.03.03.08 23 DOE Lehman CD-2 Review of the APS Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012

24. Beam Stability and SPX Beam Diagnostics Project Obligation Profile U1.02.03.08, U1.03.02.02, & U1.03.03.08 24 DOE Lehman CD-2 Review of the APS Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012

25. Beam Stability and SPX Beam Diagnostics Summary Schedule U1.02.03.08, U1.03.02.02, & U1.03.03.08 25 DOE Lehman CD-2 Review of the APS Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012

26. Beam Stability and SPX Beam Diagnostics BOE Contingency U1.02.03.08, U1.03.02.02, & U1.03.03.08 26 DOE Lehman CD-2 Review of the APS Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012

27. Work between CD-2 and CD-3  Work Remaining for CD-3 –Perform first article GRID XBPM in-tunnel tests. –Finalize GRID-XBPM electronics and data acquisition design. –Complete real-time feedback hardware component selection. –Ramp up feedback simulation efforts in collaboration with BNL. –Perform mechanical motion sensing system mechanical design and prototype. –Finalize all ESDs and ICDs.  Beam Stability Electronic Systems Design Review 27 DOE Lehman CD-2 Review of the APS Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012

28. Beam Stability Summary 28  Beam Stability upgrade preliminary design is complete.  Beam Stability Physics Requirement Document drives —BPM and real-time feedback system design —SPX stability requirements —ID field quality specifications  The cost is $8,292k  We are ready for CD2. DOE Lehman CD-2 Review of the APS Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012

29. Other Diagnostics-Related Activities  1.03.03.08 SPX Diagnostics 1.02.01.03.08 SPX0 Diagnostics (descoped) 1.05.02.11 Next-Generation X-ray BPM System for HHL 1.05.02.12 Next-Generation X-ray BPM System for CU 29 DOE Lehman CD-2 Review of the APS Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012

30. SPX Diagnostics Scope of Work WBS U1.03.03.08 30 DOE Lehman CD-2 Review of the APS Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012

31. Beam Arrival Time Monitor WBS U1.03.03.08.03 31  Technology based on existing APS linac s-band phase detector system.  Interface uses APS BSP-100 data acquisition.  Specifications not too demanding – a fraction of the bunch length. DOE Lehman CD-2 Review of the APS Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012

32. Beam Arrival Time Jitter Power Spectral Density 32 Synchrotron Tune 360 Hz from Main RF 60 Hz σ τ = 2.1 ps = rms jitter, 0.3 Hz to 3 kHz Note: the rms bunch length for 24-singlets fill pattern is 33.5 ps. σ τ (ω) = Square Root of reverse- integrated power spectral density DOE Lehman CD-2 Review of the APS Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012

33. Application of Phase Detector to Tilt Measurement* 33 Transient excitation of tilt using a fast vertical kicker** * N. Sereno et al., BIW2012 **W. Guo, PRST-AB 10, 020701 (2007) Vertical Bunch Position Phase Detector Output Vertical / Longitudinal Tilt DOE Lehman CD-2 Review of the APS Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012

34. Wire Position Monitor Test Stand WBS U1.03.03.08.02 34 Courtesy of Bob Lill DOE Lehman CD-2 Review of the APS Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012

35. High-Resolution Beam Size Monitor WBS U1.03.03.08.01 35 DOE Lehman CD-2 Review of the APS Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012  High-resolution (9 microns rms) beam size monitor to be installed at unused bending magnet radiation port.  Bandwidth > 1 Hz

36. SPX Diagnostics Summary WBS U1.03.03.08  New diagnostics have all been demonstrated: –Beam arrival time (BAT) monitor –Wire position monitor –Repurposing of existing s-band phase detectors to direct tilt monitoring  We are ready for CD2 36 DOE Lehman CD-2 Review of the APS Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012