1. UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training
Session 10.8.
Logistics in Emergencies
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training

2. Objectives of an Emergency Relief Logistics System
“…to deliver the appropriate supplies in good condition, in the quantities required, to the right places, to the people who need them on time.” A B
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training

3. UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training
The Flow of Transport & Goods
Port of
entry
Terminal
storage
DISTRI-
BUTION
ORIGIN
Primary
warehouse
Forward
warehouse
Handling
Short
haul
Long
haul
The logistics chain
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training

4. UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training
Typical Logistics System
LOCAL
WAREHOUSE
CENTRAL
WAREHOUSE
CAPITAL
SEA
LOCAL
WAREHOUSE
PORT OF
ENTRY
LOCAL
AIRFIELD
REGIONAL
WAREHOUSE
LOCAL
WAREHOUSE
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training

5. UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training
Control/Responsibility
To Extended Delivery Point ?
To Distribution
Agent ? ?
To Beneficiaries
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training

6. UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training
WFP/UNHCR MOU, MAR 97
KEY
POINTS
TENSION
POINTS
WFP responsible for food for all populations of concern over 5,000
Agreement on numbers
Timing of stocktaking from EDP, reserve stocks
WFP delivers to and manages Extended Delivery Points (EDPs)
Agreement on numbers, accountability for food used
UNHCR is responsible for delivery from EDPs and ultimate distribution
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training

7. UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training
Logistics: Linked Systems
Operations
Procurement
Commodity clearance
Storage & handling
Transport control: scheduling, fleet management, driver control, fuel management
Commodity control:scheduling, tracking,accounting
Terminal distribution management
Support:
Administration: personnel, security,communications
Finance
Vehicle and equipment maintenance and repair
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training

8. UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training
Controlling & Monitoring
“The level of control is a function of the value and importance of the goods.”
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training

9. UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training
A few guidelines...
Keep adequate buffer stocks
Reduce the number of stops and transfers
Consolidate facilities
Unify the system
Create redundancy in transport
Define the area of operation
Standardize the equipment
Make small, manageable shipments
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training

10. UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training
Exercise - Logistica
Nordia A
Cap City
Regional
Warehouse B
Portown C
Eastia
Logistica
LEGEND
Airport
Border
Mountains
Seaport
Road
Bridge
Warehouse
Railroad
River
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training

11. UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training
Making It Work
Start with a detailed commodity management plan
Review the plan with authorities; get agreement on procedures
Clear “departmental” responsibilities, however small the operation
Establish comprehensive personnel management procedures
Keep on fine-tuning once the system is working
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training

12. UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training
Commodity Control Systems
Track amounts, location of items at every point in the supply chain
Assign responsibility for goods to individuals who are “held to account”
Information for planning, scheduling, and statistical reporting
Formal accounting reports to donors
Where commodities are
Who received them
How much was lost
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training

13. Information System Functions
Assisting assessment
Tracking needs
Tracking local resources
Coordination
Tracking international requests, pledges, and arrivals
Others?
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training

14. UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training
Facilities & Equipment
Logistics programs generally require:
offices and administrative equipment
warehousing
fuel stores and workshops
vehicle parks and checkpoints
personal; vehicles for staff
truck fleets and specialized moving & handling equipment
communications equipment
accommodations for field personnel
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training

15. UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training
Logistics & Security
Support from national authorities
Regular pay
Clearly defined, and monitored responsibilities
Centralization of key facilities
Controlled access
All incidents documented in detail
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training

16. UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training
More on Security
Use checkpoints to monitor movement and provide overnight security
Give prior warning of all shipments by radio
Accounting procedures followed for every shipment
Regular radio contact/visits to remote sites
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training

17. Strengthening Local Infrastructure & Institutions
Protect key resources from hazards
Protect existing supply systems
Ensure enough vehicles and staff are available
Ensure capacity at ports and airports
Make arrangements for cash management
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training

18. UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training
Transport Problems
Lack of standard equipment, vehicle types
Difficulties with spare parts and tires
Inadequate on-board equipment
Lack of driver discipline
Dependence on local fuel sources
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training

19. UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training
Problem Areas
Lack of authority
Lack of strategy
Lack of systems thinking
Lack of information systems design
Lack of political/environmental analysis
Limited financial resources/control
Insufficient/delayed equipment
Insufficient/delayed staff
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training

20. International Involvement
OCHA
UNRWA
CARE
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training