1. Advanced Networks and Digital Divide
2003 Int’l Symposium on Bridging the Digital Divide in East Asia
Advanced Networks and Digital Divide
in East Asia
Kilnam Chon KAIST Korea

2. Table of Contents
1. Digital Divide on Research and Education Networks in East Asia
2. Digital Divide on Broadband Access
3. Intercontinental Internet Bandwidth
4. Intercontinental Trade
5. Intercontinental Internet Bandwidth for Asian Countries
6. APAN Network Topology
7. Regional Net Groups
8. Lambda Networking in North Asia
9. Broadband Access
10. Broadband Applications : Classification
11. EuropeAid
12. Remark
Reference
Appendix : Latest Gigabit/Lambda Networking – Asia and the World

3. Digital Divide on Research and Education Networks in East Asia
Aggregated International Bandwidth (in Gbps)
North East Asia ( ) ( )    China
  Japan
   Korea
Taiwan
South East Asia
   Cambodia ? ?
   Indonesia
   Laos ? ?
  Malaysia
Myanmar ? ?
  Philippines
   Singapore
   Thailand
   Vietnam
  (USA) > 140.0
  (Netherlands) ~40

4. 2. Digital Divide on Broadband Access
                                                  
Source : ITU
Note : Data for Canada and United States are estimates.

5. 3. Intercontinental Internet Bandwidth
North
America
Latin
Asia
Europe
Africa
162Gbps
0.4Gbps
14Gbps
0.8Gbps
1.2Gbps
42Gbps
Telegeography 2001

6. WTO International Trade Statistics 2000
4. Intercontinental Trade
Europe
North
America
413 Billion
428 Billion
564 Billion
Asia
WTO International Trade Statistics 2000

7. 5. Intercontinental Internet Bandwidth for Asian Countries
Japan
China
India
Hong Kong
Korea
Singapore
Malaysia
Philippines
Taiwan
Europe
North
America
0.95Gpps
0.39Gpps
18.03Gbps
0.1Gbps
1.64Gbps
3.73Gbps
ASIA
0.37Gbps
0.54Gbps
1.03Gbps
3.65Gbps
0.53Gbps
0.06Gbps
0.07Gbps
0.40Gbps
1.93Gbps
0.02Gbps
0.20Gbps
0.15Gbps
0.10Gbps
2.56Gbps
1.17Gbps
0.65Gbps
Telegeography 2001

8. 6. APAN Network Topology Russia Europe Japan Korea USA China Taiwan
Access Point
Exchange Point
Current Status
2004 (plan)
USA
Europe
Australia
Indonesia
Vietnam
Sri Lanka
Korea
Thailand
Malaysia
Singapore
Taiwan
Russia
Philippines
China
Hong Kong
Japan

9. For more information : http://apan.net/documents/linkinfo.xls
7. Regional Net Groups
APAN Member
For more information : TW HK
Russia
South Asia Net
Central Asia Net
China PH AU MY SG CN KR
Oceania Net
South East
Asia Net
North Asia Net
Central
Asia
West LK
South JP TH

10. 8. Lambda Networking in North Asia
(USA-Europe-Russia)
Seoul-XP
RENATER
CA*net
Beijing
GEANT
Nordunet
US Exchange
Busan
Shanghai
CERN
Surfnet
Kyushu
Tokyo-XP
SuperJANET
DFN
Abilene
ESNET
NREN
DREN
Hong Kong
Lambda
Lambda (in 2004~2005)

11. 9. Broadband Access
9.1 Wireline Wireless Broadband Penetration Broadband Access (2003)

12. 9.1 Wireline (1) Dialup ~ 64 Kbps
 (2) DSL/Cable 0.1 ~ 40 Mbps       Cable  ~ 10 Mbps (shared)       ADSL  ~ 8 Mbps (dedicated)       VDSL    ~ 50 Mbps or more (dedicated)  
(3) Ethernet   Mbps ~ 10 Gbps (dedicated)
                                                  

13. 9.2 Wireless (1) Wireless LAN
        b Mbps (shared)         802.11a         Mbps (shared)
802.11g Mbps (shared)
Mbps
Mbps with mobility
 (2) Mobile Phone
2.5~3G   ~ 2 Mbps          4G   ~50 Mbps
                                                  

14. 9.3
                                                  
Source : ITU
Note : Data for Canada and United States are estimates.

15. 9.4 Broadband Access (2003)
Economy       Subscribers Per Capital Per Household   Growth Rate Korea      million   % % ~20% Hong Kong million % > 100%
Taiwan  million       11% >100~300%
Canada   million       11% % ~20% Japan      million    % % >100~300% Singapore million % ~20% USA        million      7% % ~20%
Remark:
 China is catching up, in particular among big cities.    Korea, Canada and Sweden are leading in LAN(100 Mbps)
Source : Wall Street Journal ( ), ITU ( ) and Others

16. 10. Broadband Applications : Classification
(1) General Internet Access     - Browsing     - Messaging     - File Downloading     - Games (2) Audio and Video      - Audio Delivery     - Internet Telephony     - Video Delivery     - Video Conference (3) New Applications     - Peer-to-Peer Applications     - Distributed Work     - Distance Learning     - Home Content

17. 11. EuropeAid Project for Developing Countries
- Southeast Europe (SEEREN)
- The Mediterranean (EUMED)
- Latin America (ALICE)
- Asia (“TEIN2”) for ASEM/ASEAN+ countries need good regional cooperation effort

18. 12. Remark Digital divides may be widening in advanced networks.
2. Some emerging from developing countries to
developed countries. (Example : Korea, China, ….)
3. Need good charging policy on telecommunication links. (from monopoly to market-driven)
4. Many developing countries could take advantage of
“late comer” in particular on the broadband access
and wireless.
5. Need good regional cooperation.

19. Reference K. Chon Global Research & Education Networking,2003.
K. Chon  Broadband Networks,2003. ITU Promoting Broadband : Background Paper, EuropeAid

20. Appendix 1. Latest Gigabit/Lambda Networking in Asia and the World
1. Lambda Networking in Asia (in 2004)
100 Gbps
Europe
USA
10Gbps
Russia
35Gbps
Korea
5Gbps
2Gbps
2.5~10Gbps
Japan
China
Taiwan
2.5Gbps
3Gbps
Hong Kong

21. 2. Major Programs in USA - 10 Gbps Around the World
Gloriad : USA – (Amsterdam) – Russia – China
TransPac : USA – Japan
ESNET : USA – Europe
National Lambda Rail
(HOPI : Hybrid Optical Packet Infrastructure)

22. 2.1 Gloriad

23. 3. Major Programs in Europe
EuropAid to All Continents
Eastern Europe (SEEREN)
Mediterranean (EUMED)
Latin America (ALICE)
Asia (TEIN 2)
(Africa)
- GEANT 2 ( )

24. 4. Asia Japan : Japan – Hong Kong : 2.5 Gbps (in 2004)
Japan – Korea : Gbps
Japan – USA : TransPac 5 Gbps (20Gbps in 2004)
SINET Gbps
IEEAF Gbps
China : China – Russia –(Amsterdam)– USA 10 Gbps (in 2004)
China – Hong Kong Gbps (in 2004)
Taiwan : Taiwan – USA 5 Gbps

25. 5. TransLight Lambdas European lambdas to US
–8 GigEs Amsterdam—Chicago
–8 GigEs London—Chicago
Canadian lambdas to US
–8 GigEs Chicago-Canada-NYC
–8 GigEs Chicago-Canada-Seattle
US lambdas to Europe
–4 GigEs Chicago—Amsterdam
–3 GigEs Chicago—CERN
European lambdas
–8 GigEs Amsterdam—CERN
–2 GigEs Prague—Amsterdam
–2 GigEs Stockholm—Amsterdam
–8 GigEs London—Amsterdam
TransPAC lambda (yellow)
–1 GigE Chicago—Tokyo
IEEAF lambdas (blue)
–8 GigEs NYC—Amsterdam
–8 GigEs Seattle—Tokyo

26. 6. Global Lambda Interconnection Facility (GLIF)
DWDM
SURFnet
Expected 2H03
10 Gbit/s
IEEAF
Geneva
CERN
Dwingeloo
ASTRON/JIVE
Prague
CzechLight
2.5 Gbit/s
NSF
Chicago
StarLight
London
UKLight
Stockholm
Northern Light
CA*net4
New York
MANLAN
Tokyo
WIDE
APAN
Amsterdam
NetherLight

27. 7. Lambda Workshop 2001. 9 Amsterdam 2002. 9 Amsterdam (?)
Iceland (Nordunet)
London (eScience)
San Diego (iGrid)

28. 2nd Phase Abilene (SONET) 3rd Phase Abilene + NLR (HOPI)
8. Remark
Internet 2
1st Phase vBNS (ATM)
2nd Phase Abilene (SONET)
3rd Phase Abilene + NLR (HOPI)
Remark : NLR National Lambda Rail
HOPI Hybrid Optical Packet Infrastructure

29. Reference APAN apan.net CCIRN www.ccirn.org GEANT www.dante.org
Gloriad
TransLight
(Tom DeFanti)