1. Case Study of IT in Action: Virginia Tech and Digital Libraries SLA 1999 State of the Art November 19, 1999 Washington, D.C. Edward A. Fox fox@vt.edu CC CS DLRL Internet TIC Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA

2. Acknowledgements (Selected) F Sponsors: ACM, Adobe, IBM, Microsoft, NSF, OCLC, US Dept. of Education, … F Co-PIs: Marc Abrams, Robert Akscyn, John Eaton, Brian Kleiner, Gail McMillan F Students: Fernando Das Neves, Robert France, Neill Kipp, Paul Mather, Constantinos Phanouriou, James Powell, Ohm Sornil, David Watkins, Chang Zhang, Jianxin Zhao

3. Remember! F 5S (to understand and build DLs) F NDLTD (join! support!) F NUDL (help establish) F CSTC, CRIM (add to, use) -> NSDL

4. OUTLINE F Introduction F Global digital libraries, for education F Building digital libraries F NDLTD –Overview, History –Members, Collection –Support, Extensions F CSTC, CRIM F Conclusion

5. How do universities and digital libraries relate? F Each U. will have its own digital library. Hence there will be large numbers (i.e., critical mass). F All students will learn how to use and how to “feed” digital libraries (and bring those habits to future work as needs and skills). F All digital library problems (esp. federation, flexibility, personalization) appear at U’s (so they are a good type of testbed, with willing collaborators in-place for developing solutions).

6. Digital Libraries --- Virginia Tech F MARIAN (NLM) F CS DL Prototype - ENVISION (NSF, ACM) F TULIP (Elsevier, OCLC) F DL for CS Education - EI (NSF, ACM) F WATERS, NCSTRL (NSF) F NDLTD (SURA, US Dept. of Education) F CSTC (NSF, ACM) F CRIM (NSF, SIGMM) F WCA (Log) Repository (W3C) F VT-PetaPlex-1 (Knowledge Systems)

7. Virginia Tech Background F Largest university in Virginia, land-grant, town population 35K plus 25K students F Blacksburg Electronic Village, since 1992, with 80% of community on Internet F Net.Work.Virginia, largest ATM network, with over 600 sites, for education, research, govt F LMDS, Local Multipoint Distribution Service, gigabit wireless networking - 1/3 of Virginia F Math Emporium, 500 workstations F Faculty Development Initiative, round 2

8. Supporting Authors (Teachers and Learners) Faculty Develop. Initiative ETD Support Virginia Tech Digital Library University Libraries Classifying/ Cataloging/ Preserving Collaboration Visualization MM IR EPub HCI Model Classroom of the 21st Century Technology ShowcaseATMVideo Conf.Develop MM New Media Center Dig. Library & Archives

9. ACITC F Advanced Communications and Information Technology Center, opening summer 2000 F Connects to the library, with a focus on IT F 1/3 high-tech (multimedia) classrooms F 1/3 digital/electronic library (reading room) F 1/3 research labs: 10, including: –Digital Library Research Laboratory (DLRL) –Center for Applied Technologies in the Humanities –HCI; HPC; Multimedia; Visualization (CAVE),...

10. Digital Libraries --- Objectives F World Lit.: 24hr / 7day / from desktop F Integrated “super” information systems: 5S: streams, structures, spaces, scenarios, societies F Ubiquitous, Higher Quality, Lower Cost F Education, Knowledge Sharing, Discovery F Disintermediation -> Collaboration F Universities Reclaim Property F Interactive Courseware, Student Works F Scalable, Sustainable, Usable, Useful

11. Computing (flops) Digital content Communicat i ons (bandwidth, connectivity) Locating Digital Libraries in Computing and Communications Technology Space Digital Libraries technology trajectory: intellectual access to globally distributed information lessmore

13. DLs Shorten the Chain from Editor Publisher A&I Consolidator Library Reviewer

14. DLs Shorten the Chain to Editor A&I Digital Library Reviewer

15. DLs Shorten the Chain to Author Reader Digital Library Editor Reviewer Teacher Learner Librarian

16. OUTLINE F Introduction F Global digital libraries, for education F Building digital libraries F NDLTD –Overview, History –Members, Collection –Support, Extensions F CSTC, CRIM F Conclusion

17. DLs: Why of Global Interest? F National projects can preserve antiquities and heritage: cultural, historical, linguistic, scholarly F Knowledge and information are essential to economic and technological growth, education F DL - a domain for international collaboration –wherein all can contribute and benefit –which leverages investment in networking –which provides useful content on Internet & WWW –which will tie nations and peoples together more strongly and through deeper understanding

18. NUDL F 1/15/99 NUDL proposal to NSF under DLI2 international program –VT: Library, Grad School, Industrial&Systems Eng. –Partners: UK (2), Singapore, Russia, Korea, Greece, Germany, plus Iberoamerican group (Spain, Portugal, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico) –Problems: Multilingual search, multimedia submissions, requirements/usability, … F Start with ETDs, then expand to other student works, portfolios, data sets, (CS) courseware,...

20. NUDL Partners F Ricardo A. Baeza-Yates, Universidad de Chile, Chile F José Luis Brinquete Borbinha, Biblioteca Nacional, Portugal F José Hilario Canós Cerdá, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain F Stavros Christodoulakis, Technical University of Crete, Greece F Lautaro Guerra Genskowsky, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa Maria,Chile F Juan José Goldschtein, Univesidad de Belgrano, Argentina F Peter Diepold, Humboldt University, Germany F Francisco Javier Jaén Martinez, Spain F Sung Hyon Myaeng, Chungnam National University, Korea F Ana Maria Beltran Pavani, Prédio Cardeal Leme, Brazil F Lim Ee Peng, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore F Alexander I. Plemnek, St.-Petersburg State Technical University, Russia F J. Alfredo Sánchez, Universidad de las Américas-Puebla, Mexico

21. OUTLINE F Introduction F Global digital libraries, for education F Building digital libraries F NDLTD –Overview, History –Members, Collection –Support, Extensions F CSTC, CRIM F Conclusion

22. DL Challenges * F Preservation - so people with trust DLs F Supporting infrastructure - networks,... F Scalability, sustainability, interoperability F DL industry - critical mass by covering libraries, archives, museums, corporate info, govt info, personal info - “quality WWW” integrating IR, HT, MM,... –Need tools & methods to make them easier to build

23. How to Build a Digital Library F Understand the problem (using the 5S Framework) F Solve the problem (using the Star Methodology) –design, develop, evaluate, –refine, operate

24. 5S Layers Societies Scenarios Spaces Structures Streams

25. Definition: Digital Libraries are complex systems that F help satisfy info needs of users (societies) F provide info services (scenarios) F organize info in usable ways (structures) F present info in usable ways (spaces) F communicate info with users (streams)

26. Definition: 5S Framework F Societies: interacting people (, computers) F Scenarios: services, functions, operations, methods F Spaces: domains + constraints (e.g., distance, adjacency): 2D, vector, probability F Structures: relations, trees, nodes and arcs F Streams: sequences of items (text, audio, video, network traffic) F (5 Element System: Fire, Wood, Earth, Metal, Water)

27. 5S: Components F Societies: roles, rituals, reasons, relationships, artifacts F Scenarios: acquire, index, consult, administer, preserve F Spaces: physical, temporal, functional, presentational, conceptual F Structures: architectures, taxonomies, schema, grammars, links, objects F Streams: granularities, protocols, paths, flows, turbulences

28. 5S: Combinations F Societies + Scenarios = user model F Societies + Scenarios + Spaces = user interface F Streams + Structures = markup F Streams + Structures + Scenarios = object F Structures + Scenarios = DBMS

29. Star Methodology

30. Neill Kipp Dissertation F Training interested groups about 5S and the Star Methodology, refining the Framework to have solid mathematical foundation F Case studies of projects at Virginia Tech or involving VT staff/students: CSTC, NDLTD, NARA (National Archives, with SAIC), Lexis,... F Open also to study DL projects elsewhere F Focusing too on the design artifacts developed and related issues of efficient description and representation (esp. with markup, hypermedia)

31. OUTLINE F Introduction F Global digital libraries, for education F Building digital libraries F NDLTD –Overview, History –Members, Collection –Support, Extensions F CSTC, CRIM F Conclusion

32. A Digital Library Case Study * F Domain: graduate education, research F Genre:ETDs=electronic theses & dissertations F Submission: http://etd.vt.edu F Collection: http://www.theses.org Project: Networked Digital Library of Theses & Dissertations (NDLTD) www.ndltd.org => Open Archives (by authors)

33. Digital Libraries SGML (1985) PDF (1992) NSF DLI (1994) Library Cancellations (1988) University Scholarly Electronic Pub. (1988) Info. Literacy (1995) Improving Education Internet (1984) WWW (1994) Multimedia (1986)

34. Media ETD Web Site http://www.ndltd.org/ ETDs Got Your Interest? Graduate Students Singapore AM Chronicle of Higher Ed. National Public Radio NY Times... U. Laval

35. Key Ideas: Networked infrastructure Scalability Education is the rationale University collaboration Workflow, automation Authors must submit Maximal access PDF, SGML, MM Standards Federated search 8th graders vs. grads MARC, DC, URNs

36. What led to today’s meeting? F 1987 mtg in Ann Arbor: UMI, VT, … F 1992 mtg in Washington: CNI, CGS, UMI, VT and 10 universities with 3 reps each F 1993 mtg in Atlanta to start Monticello Electronic Library (MEL): SURA, SOLINET F 1994 mtg in Blacksburg re ETD project: std of PDF + SGML + multimedia objects F 1996 funding by SURA, US Dept. of Education (FIPSE) for regional, national projects F 1997 meetings in UK, Germany,...

37. F Aiding universities to enhance grad educ., publishing and IPR efforts F Helping improve the availability and content of theses and dissertations F Educating ALL future scholars so they can publish electronically and effectively use digital libraries (i.e., are Information Literate and can be more expressive) What are we doing?

38. What are the long term goals? F 400K US students / year getting grad degrees are exposed / involved F 200K/yr rich hypermedia ETDs that may turn into electronic portfolios F Dramatic increase in knowledge sharing: lit. reviews, bibliographies, … F Services providing lifelong access for students: browse, search, prior searches, citation links

39. ETDs: Library Goals * F Improve library services –Better turn-around time –Always available F Reduce work –catalog from e-text –eliminate handling: mailing to UMI, bindery prep, check-out, check-in, reshelving, etc. F Save space

40. NDLTD Computer Resources Research Literature Student Prepares Thesis or Dissertation

41. Student Defends and Finalizes ETD My Thesis ETD

42. Student Gets Committee Signatures and Submits ETD Signed Grad School

43. Graduate School Approves ETD Student is Graduated Ph.D.

44. Library Catalogs ETD and New Students Have Access to the New Research WWW NDLTD

45. Status of the Local Project F Approved by university governance Spring 1996; required starting 1/1/97 F Submission & access software in place F Submission workshops for students (and faculty) occur often: beginner/adv. F Faculty training as part of Faculty Development Initiative F Over 2000 ETDs in collection

46. Archiving ETDs * F Every 15 minutes back-ups made of not- yet-approved submissions F Hourly back-ups of newly approved ETDs F Weekly back-ups of entire ETD collection F Copies stored on-site and off-site

47. VT ETD Cataloging * F same as current cataloging policies, except: –author-assigned keywords (not LCSH) –generic (not LC) call no. –fields/subfields as required for computer files –full abstracts F time savings –cataloger familiar with computer files –equipment, software for word processing –5 minutes avg. (10-15 minutes for paper TDs)

48. Library Costs * F $12/vol. for paper thesis processing – catalog, bind, security strip, label, shelve – @950 vols./yr. = $11,466 F $3.20/vol. ETD processing – cataloging @950 vols./yr. = $3040 F $.07/vol. shelving F $.04/vol. circulation

49. Costs/Savings at VT * F Graduate School stopped shipping to the library 3000 copies of paper TDs/year F Library stopped binding, shelving, and circulating 3000 copies of TDs/year F 166 ft of shelf space saved/year by the library F VT used existing equipment in Library (vs. start-up costs for staff, hardware and software from from a zero-base estimate: $65,000 – see http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/)

50. OUTLINE F Introduction F Global digital libraries, for education F Building digital libraries F NDLTD –Overview, History –Members, Collection –Support, Extensions F CSTC, CRIM F Conclusion

51. Institutional Members F Coalition for Networked Information (CNI) F Committee on Inst. Coop. (CIC - for Big 10) F Diplomica.com F Dissertation.com F National Library of Portugal F UNESCO F Organization of American States (OAS) F Ibero-American Science, Technology and Education Consortium (ISTEC)

52. US University Members * F University of Hawaii, Manoa F U. of Iowa F U. of Maine F U. of Oklahoma F U. of South Florida F U. of Tennessee, Knoxville F U. of Tennessee, Memphis F U. of Texas at Austin F U. of Virginia F U. Wisconsin - Madison F Vanderbilt U. F Virginia Commonwealth U. F Virginia Tech - required since 1/97 F West Virginia U. - required beginning fall 1998 F Worcester Polytechnic Inst. F Air University (Alabama) F Cal Tech F Clemson University F College of William & Mary F Concordia University (Illinois) F East Tenn. State University F Florida Institute of Tech. F Florida International University F George Washington University F Michigan Tech F MIT F Naval Postgraduate School (CA) F North Carolina State U. F Penn. State University F Rochester Institute of Tech. F U. of Florida F U. of Georgia

53. Australian Project Members F U. New South Wales (lead institution) F U. of Melbourne F U. of Queensland F U. of Sydney F Australian National University F Curtin U. of Technology F Griffith U.

54. German Project Members F Humboldt University (lead institution) F 3 other universities F 5 learned societies F 1 computing center F 2 major libraries

55. Other International Members F Chinese University of Hong Kong F Chungnam National U., Dept of CS (S. Korea) F City University, London (UK) F Darmstadt U. of Tech. (Germany) F Free University of Berlin (Germany - Vet. Med.) F Gyeongsang National U. (Korea) F India Institute of Technology, Bombay (India) F Nanyang Technological U. (Singapore, part) F National U. of Singapore (Singapore, part) F *National Library of Portugal F Polytechnic University of Valencia (Spain) F Rhodes U. (South Africa) F St. Petersburg St. Tech.U (Russia) F Univ. de las Américas Puebla (Mexico) F U. Laval; U. of Guelph; U. Waterloo; Wilfrid Laurier U. (Canada)

56. Usage of ETDs in VT Collections * 1996199719981999 Jan-Aug Total requests 37,171247,537465,974907,104 Daily Requests 1026851,7223,121 Abstract requests 25,829112,633177,647143,056 Hosts served 9,01522,72528,02252,663

57. Popular Works 1996 458 Seevers, Gary L. Identification of Criteria for Delivery of Theological Education Through Distance Education: An International Delphi Study (Ph.D., Educational Research and Evaluation, April 1993; 1353Kb) 432 Hohauser, Robyn Lisa. The Social Construction of Technology: The Case of LSD (MS in Science and Technology Studies, Feb. 1995; 244Kb) 390 Childress, Vincent William. The Effects of Technology Education, Science, and Mathematics Integration Upon Eighth Grader's Technological Problem-Solving Ability (Ph.D. in Vocational and Technical Education, July 1994; 285Kb) 310 Kuhn, William B. Design of Integrated, Low Power, Radio Receivers in BiCMOS Technologies (Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering, Dec. 1995; 2Mb) 287 Sprague, Milo D. A High Performance DSP Based System Architecture for Motor Drive Control ( MS in Electrical Engineering, May 1993; 878Kb) 165 Wallace, Richard A. Regional Differences in the Treatment of Karl Marx by the Founders of American Academic Sociology (MS in Sociology, Nov. 1993; 479Kb) 150 McKeel, Scott Andrew. Numerical Simulation of the Transition Region in Hypersonic Flow (Ph.D. in Aerospace Engineering, Feb. 1996; 3Mb)

58. Popular Works 1997 9920 Liu, Xiangdong. Analysis and Reduction of Moire Patterns in Scanned Halftone Pictures (Ph.D. in Computer Science, May 1996; 6.6Mb) 7656 Petrus, Paul. Novel Adaptive Array Algorithms and Their Impact on Cellular System Capacity (Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering, March 1997; 5Mb) 2781 Agnes, Gregory Stephen. Performance of Nonlinear Mechanical, Resonant-Shunted Piezoelectric, and Electronic Vibration Absorbers for Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Structures (Ph.D. in Engineering Mechanics, Sept. 1997; ? + 7926Kb) 2492 Gonzalez, Reinaldo J. Raman, Infrared, X-ray, and EELS Studies of Nanophase Titania (Ph.D. in Physics, July 1996; 4607Kb) 1877 Shih, Po-Jen. On-Line Consolidation of Thermoplastic Composites (Ph.D. in Engineering Mechanics, Feb. 1997; 3.3Mb) 1791 Saldanha, Kevin J. Performance Evaluation of DECT in Different Radio Environments (MS in Electrical Engineering, Aug. 1996; 3.2Mb) 1431 DeVaux, David. A Tutorial on Authorware (MS in CS, April 1996; 2.3Mb) 1394 Kuhn, William B. Design of Integrated, Low Power, Radio Receivers in BiCMOS Technologies (Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering, Dec. 1995; 2518Kb)

59. Popular Works 1998 F K-accesses Mbytes Degree Year Dept Tables/Figures Author F 75, 12, PhD, 1997, ME, 38/174, Maillard F 56, 6.5, PhD, 1996, CS, 8/93, Liu F 20, 3.9, PhD, 1997, EE, 9/121, Laster F 15, 4.9, PhD, 1997, CpE, 17/127, Tripathi F 12, 6.6, MS, 1997, EE, 7/96, Nicoloso F 6.7, 4.6, PhD, 1996, Physics, 8/62 (32 color), Gonzalez

60. International Use  199619971998  85029928170 United Kingdom  6082,5014223 Australia  34623787373 Germany  71323673970 Canada  38712642201 South Korea  46311614431 France  2507252553 Italy  1918672781 Netherlands  18311301449 Brazil  229671089 Thailand  839581414 Greece

61. Who are sponsors / cooperators? F Funding, Donations of hardware/software –SURA –US Dept. of Education (FIPSE) –Adobe Systems –IBM –Microsoft –OCLC F Others Serving on Steering Committee –National/Regional Projects: Australia, French speaking group, Germany, IberoAmerica (ISTEC), UK (UTOG) –CGS, National Lib. Canada, NSF, OAS, SOLINET, UMI, UNESCO,...

62. How does this relate to UMI? F 1987 UMI workshop to explore ETDs F Support letter for US Dept. of Ed. proposal F Steering and technical committee membership F ProQuest Direct pilot of scanning works started 1/1/97, free 2 yr access to front part F Collaborating on: – accepting electronic author submissions – standards (e.g., representation), research

63. ETD Initiative (and UMI) Students Learn about DL, EPub TDs become more expressive N. Amer. (T)Ds are accessible, archived Global TDs become more accessible, archived UMI Universities

64. User Search Support (multilingual, XML) Note: All groups shown are connected with NDLTD.

65. Interoperability Tests Planned F IBM DL: donated equipment, technical support, powerful IPR (see TOIS, D-Lib) F Z39.50: OCLC SiteSearch / VT tailored s/w –university libraries w. catalogs of freely shared MARC records pointing to archival copies –via URNs: handles & PURLs F Dienst / NCSTRL - www.ncstrl.org: CS depts., DARPA, NSF, CNRI, Cornell - UVA is working on extensions for ETDs - Portugal is studying use for Europe - VT is working on Dienst to Z39.50 gateway

66. Access Approaches F Goal: Maximize access and services, e.g., by encouraging: F UMI centralized services F Distributed service: Dienst, Z39.50 F Regional services (e.g., OhioLink, AZ/NM) F Local servers with browse, search – From local catalogs to local archives F WWW robot indexing and search services

67. Why might a university want to be involved? F To improve graduate education / better prepare your students / increase their knowledge and visibility F To unlock university information F To save money for students and for the university / improve workflow F To build an important digital library

68. How can a university get involved? F Select planning/implementation team – Graduate School – Library – Computing / Information Technology – Institutional Research / Educ. Tech. F Send us letter, give us contact names F Adapt Virginia Tech solution – Build interest and consensus – Start trial / allow optional submission

69. Contact Our Project Team E-mail etd@ndltd.org Phone Call Visit Video Tape

70. Convene Local Planning Group ETD

71. Build Local ETD Site Digital Library Policies Inspection/Approval Workshop/Training ETD

72. Type 1 Members University Requires ETDs F Adobe Acrobat and/or XML/SGML tools F Automated submission & processing F Archive/access through UMI, (OCLC,) Virginia Tech,... F (Local) WWW site, publicity F (Local) Assistance provided as requested: email, phone, listserv(s)

73. Type 2 Members University Agrees to Require ETDs F Like Type 1 but set date not reached F Usually has an option or pilot F May: wait for new AY; start with all who enter after; … F Build grass roots support – Advisory committee: representative? expert? – Champions to spread by word of mouth – Approval: Senates, Commissions, Deans, Students – Publicity to reach community

74. NDLTD Members, Types 3-7 F 3. Part of university requires ETDs F 4. University allows ETDs F 5. University investigating, has pilot F 6. University consortium joins: –CIC (Big 10 coordinating body) F 7. Non-university organization joins –CNI (Coalition for Networked Info.)

75. OUTLINE F Introduction F Global digital libraries, for education F Building digital libraries F NDLTD –Overview, History –Members, Collection –Support, Extensions F CSTC, CRIM F Conclusion

76. Support Services Developed F WWW site with > 300 Mb, CD, videotape F Automated submission system (MySQL, UNIX, WWW scripts - grad school/library) F Student guidelines, style sheets, multimedia training materials, FAQs, press info F SGML and XML DTDs for ETDs F SGML to HTML (web generator) F LaTeX, Word templates, converters

77. Accessibility Activities / Plans F Interface design (simple, 3D, VR) F Usability studies F Generic multi-lingual support F Support for those with disabilities F Hybrid collection (paper, MARC, abstracts, full-text, multimedia) F Disciplinary classifications, tools F Visualization of results, collection

79. SPIRE Visualization

80. Envision Results Window *

81. Repository of Digital Objects * Repository Access Protocol handle Digital object terms and conditions

82. Support Offered F Software, documentation, tech support F Email, listservs (etd-l@listserv.vt.edu, - eval, -grad, -library, -technical) F Donations: Adobe, Microsoft F Evaluation: instruments, analysis http://scholar.lib.vt.edu - solutions/statistics F (Temporary storage / archiving; aid - in setting up an int’l service & archive)

83. PetaPlex F Digital Library Machine (“super” object store) F Parallel computer / storage utility for scale of 1000 to 1,000,000 gigabytes (terabyte/petabyte) F Knowledge Systems Incorporated is supplying VT-PetaPlex-1 with –high speed backbone connection (OC-12) –2.5 terabytes through 100 “Nanoservers”: –Network connection + IBM 25GB disk + 233 MHz Pentium II + Linux

84. PetaPlex Complex FRONT END MACHINE RS/6000, 1G RAM, 4 Proc. Nanoserver Service Machine 1 Service Machine 2 Service Machine 3 Service Machine 4

85. PetaPlex Service Machines F Small object server F Large object server –video on demand –streaming audio F Information retrieval server F Proxy / cache server (e.g., 1 terabyte server of 1000 worldwide for Comsat/Intelsat)

86. PetaPlex Top View 4 ft. side

87. PetaPlex Side View 4 ft. wide 8 ft. high Roles: * Support * Cooling * Power 15 shelves

88. PetaPlex Cost Goals, Approach F Maximize number of seeks achievable F Maximize % of cost invested in disks F Maximize flexibility, composability, reliability F Minimize cost per unit of storage F Approach “information utility” F Increase throughput and reliability by replicating on other PetaPlex systems F Use robotics, wireless, and commodity production of nanoservers

89. Enhancements F Dublin Core spec, MARC crosswalk F DTDs for SGML, XML(+ ML) F Annotation system (author, friends, notes) F Routing system (based on Sift) F Multilingual WWW site, training materials (Spanish recently done in Valencia) F Better federated search (w. Z39.50, planned with Dienst and Harvest - maybe MARIAN)

90. Relationship with publishers F Concern of faculty and students that still wish to publish books or journal articles, voiced: campus, Chronicle, NPR, Times F Solution: Approval Form gives students, faculty choices on access, when to change access condition; use IPR controls in DL F Solution: by case, work with publishers and publisher associations to increase access – AAP, AAUP – AAAS, ACM, ACS, Elsevier,...

91. Some responses from publishers F ACM: need to acknowledge copyright F Elsevier: need to acknowledge copyright F IEEE-CS: endorse initiative F ACS: After first publication, can release F Textbook publishers: different market, manuscript significantly reworked F General: restricting access to local campus will not cause any problems

92. For professional societies F Like “writing across the curriculum” F Besides writing: computing/communications, information literacy, personal digital library management, tool use, research methods, collaboration, archiving/preservation F Data sets, communities of users of them F Classification systems / browsing / searching F NRC’s “On becoming a researcher”

93. OUTLINE F Introduction F Global digital libraries, for education F Building digital libraries F NDLTD –Overview, History –Members, Collection –Support, Extensions F CSTC, CRIM F Conclusion

94. SMETE Library -> NSDL (from www.dlib.org) F Context: Global movement toward Digital Libraries (see April 1998 CACM) F NSF effort: Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and Technology Education Digital Library (focussed on undergraduates) –3 workshops, yearly increasing funds / new calls F SMETE Library likely to operate as distributed federation, with separate parts for each key discipline, and to lead to a global effort

95. MARIAN F Multiple Access Retrieval of Information with Annotations F (Marian the Librarian …) F Evolved from CODER system to a distributed Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC), then DL backend, now becoming a full DL system F From C/C++ to Java F Future: NDLTD, NUDL, PetaPlex

96. MARIAN Layers Database Layer Search Engine Layer User Information Layer User Interface Layer User

97. ENVISION F NSF “A User-Centered Database from the Computer Science Literature” (1991-93) F Collected bib/typesetter data, converted to SGML F Scanned thousands of page images F MARIAN search engine - can be made available (also applied to the Virginia Tech library catalog) used as part of a prototype object-based DL, with tailored visualization interface (L. Nowell dissertation)

98. NSF Education Innovation (EI) F NSF “Interactive Learning with a Digital Library in Computer Science” (1993-98) F 45 online courses (esp. Internet, IR, MM, Professionalism, overall EI project pages): 100+K accesses/wk F Tools: SWAN (visualization), QUIZIT F Evaluation –traditional –network logging and analysis –tools for visualization

99. Digital Library Courseware F http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~dlib/ F WWW pages or large PDF copy files F Online quizzes based on book by Michael Lesk (Morgan Kaufmann Publishers) F Contents based on book, with several other popular topics added (e.g., agents) F Separate pages to supplement: Definitions, Resources (People, Projects), and References

100. CS -> CSTC -> CRIM F NSF and ACM Education Committee are funding a 2 year project “A Computer Science Teaching Center” - CSTC - http://www.cstc.org/ F College of NJ, U. Ill. Springfield, Virginia Tech F Focus initially on labs, visualization, multimedia F Multimedia part is also supported by a 2nd grant to Virginia Tech and The George Washington University: http://www.cstc.org/~crim/ (with curricular guidelines also under development)

101. Browsing (1)

102. Browsing (2)

103. CS Teaching Center (CSTC) F Instead of building large, expensive multimedia packages, that become obsolete and are difficult to re-use, concentrate on small knowledge units. F Learners benefit from having well-crafted modules that have been reviewed and tested. F Use digital libraries to build a powerful base of support for learners, upon which a variety of courses, self-study tutorials & reference resources can be built. (See NSF SMETE-Lib Study at http://www.dlib.org/smete/public/smete-public.html )

104. OUTLINE F Introduction F Global digital libraries, for education F Building digital libraries F NDLTD –Overview, History –Members, Collection –Support, Extensions F CSTC, CRIM F Conclusion

105. Enhancing Learning with DLs

108. Future Work - 1 of 3 F Working with publishers to increase level of access as much as possible F Interoperability tests among universities and with UMI to provide integrated services F Study with testbed that emerges, to improve information retrieval, browsing, interface, and other types of user support F Evaluation, improving learning experience, spread to worldwide initiative, sustainable support and coordination

109. Future Work - 2 of 3 F Adding services currently prototyped –annotation and SDI (routing) capabilities –Dublic Core metadata, crosswalk to MARC –support with IBM DL, OCLC SiteSearch F Adding other services planned –building and using citation database (w. SFX) –implementing plagiarism check (like “SCAM”) F Developing NUDL as a sustainable self governing global institution (w. committees)

110. Future Work - 3 of 3 F Working with ACM on a journal to supplement CSTC F Extending the human infrastructure for CSTC –integrate demos etc. into submission process solicitation, review, improvement –description (metadata), certification (quality) –selection, adaptation, reuse F Publish an agreed-upon curriculum for IM

111. Remember! F 5S (to understand and build DLs) F NDLTD (join! support!) F NUDL (help establish) F CSTC, CRIM (add to, use) -> NSDL