1. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project1 Experiences and Lessons Learnt, 28 October 2009 Development of a TDA and SAP for the Protection of the Western Indian Ocean Coastal and Marine Environment from Land-based Sources and Activities “People of the region prospering from a healthy Western Indian Ocean”

2. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project2 Overview of the presentation Context The TDA development process The SAP development process Implementing the SAP Lessons learnt

3. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project The TDA/SAP Approach as a Management Tool for the WIO Context

4. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project Addressing land-based activities in the Western Indian Ocean

5. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project5 Context Nairobi Convention Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from land-based Activities

6. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project6 Context The Agulhas and Somali Current Large Marine Ecosystem

7. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project7 Context: The UNEP implemented West Indian Ocean Land Based Sources of Pollution Project (WIO-LaB) The World Bank implemented Southwest Indian Ocean Fisheries Project (SWIOFP) The UNDP implemented Agulhas and Somali Current Large Marine Ecosystem (ASCLME) Project Three Projects:

8. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project8 Scope of the WIO-LaB TDA Geographical scope: WIO and its catchment area Thematic scope: Land-based activities

9. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project9 (Political) framework provided by the Nairobi Convention WIO-LaB TDA and SAP to be coordinated with ASCLMEs and SWIOFP Projects Dedicated TDA and SAP Task Teams for drafting of TDA and SAP Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee to provide scientific leadership and means of validation of TDA SAP development linked to the development of specific National Action Plans (NAP) Key characteristics of the WIO-LaB TDA/SAP process

10. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project10 Current status Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis finalised Strategic Action Programme prepared and negotiated

11. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project The TDA/SAP Approach as a Management Tool for the WIO The WIO-LaB TDA process

12. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project12 Establishment of a TDA Drafting Team Initial review of transboundary problems Fact finding (data collection and analysis) Causal chain and governance analysis Validation

13. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project13 Establishment of a TDA Drafting Team Initial review of transboundary problems Fact finding (data collection and analysis) Causal chain and governance analysis Validation

14. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project14 The TDA Drafting Team Pollution: –Dr. Susan Taljaard (CSIR) –Dr. Sixtus Kayombo (UDSM) PADH: –Dr. Salomao Bandeiro (UEM) –Dr. James Kairo (KMFRI) Legal and Institutional –Mr. Akunga Momanyi (Nairobi University) – Regional Legal Expert –Prof. Jan Glazewski (UCT) - Legal Task Force member Socio-economics –Dr. Jacob Ochiewo (KMFRI) River-coast interaction –Dr. Anton Earle (ACWR) –Dr. Daniel Malzbender (ACWR)

15. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project15 TDA Management Structure COORDINATED BY THE PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT (PMU) THE TDA DRAFTING TEAM

16. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project16 Establishment of a TDA Drafting Team Initial review of transboundary problems Fact finding (data collection and analysis) Causal chain and governance analysis Validation

17. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project17 Pollution from land-based sources

18. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project18 Physical alteration and destruction of habitats

19. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project19 Alteration in river flow and sediment loads

20. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project20 Establishment of a TDA Drafting Team Initial review of transboundary problems Fact finding (data collection and analysis) Causal chain and governance analysis Validation

21. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project21 Fact-finding and assessment for TDA development ongoing as part of scope of work of specific Task Forces: Fact finding Task Force on Water, Sediment and Biota Quality MWW Task Force PADH Task Force EIA Task Force Legal and Technical Review Task Force

22. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project22 Main building blocks for the WIO- LaB TDA Pollution PADH Regional Status of Pollution Assessment Regional Status of MWW Assessment Regional Marine Litter Assessment Regional PADH Assessment Assessment of Shoreline Changes in the WIO Assessment of Socio-economic Implications of PADH Assessment of existing Policy, Legal and Institutional Frameworks for LBA Management Assessment of the Status of Ratification of International Conventions Related to LBA Review of Legislation, and Institutions Relevant to PADH Governance River basins Assessment of River-coast Interactions in the WIO Region

23. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project23 Establishment of a TDA Drafting Team Initial review of transboundary problems Fact finding (data collection and analysis) Causal chain and governance analysis Validation

24. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project24 Causal chain and governance analysis Root causes Transboundary problem Environmental impacts Socio-economic Consequences The consequences of the environmental impacts in terms of social and economic effects, both direct and indirect, such as loss of revenue, lowering quality of life, health Socio-economic consequences Underlying sector and immediate causes The effects of activities on the biophysical environment, e.g. changes in species composition or mortality of marine organisms The effects of biophysical changes on the social and economic well-being of the population, e.g. reduced revenues from fisheries or health risks The immediate causes of the problem, including the sectors associated with such causes, e.g. effluent streams related to industries and coastal settlements; soil erosion related to agriculture and forestry, etc. The underlying (fundamental) reasons for the problem, e.g. poverty, bad governance or financial constraints

25. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project25

26. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project26 Sample of problem ranking

27. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project27 Governance and stakeholder analysis

28. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project28 Establishment of a TDA Drafting Team Initial review of transboundary problems Fact finding (data collection and analysis) Causal chain and governance analysis Validation

29. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project29 The role of the Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee (STAC) 1. Act as a Scientific and Technical Advisory Board for the TDA Drafting Team throughout the various stages of development of the TDA report. 2. Review and comment upon the draft WIO TDA report as prepared and submitted by the TDA Drafting Team. 3. Facilitate and coordinate, where appropriate, the review of the above-described draft TDA report by relevant scientific constituencies at the national and regional levels. 4. Recommend appropriate intervention measures to be considered for inclusion in the Strategic Action Plan (SAP) for the WIO Region.

30. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project The TDA/SAP Approach as a Management Tool for the WIO Process of development of the SAP

31. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project31 Establishment of a SAP Drafting Team Bridging the TDA and SAP Analysis and definition of strategic action National and regional stakeholder consultations Finalisation and validation

32. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project32 Establishment of a SAP Drafting Team Bridging the TDA and SAP Analysis and definition of strategic action National and regional stakeholder consultations Finalisation and validation Bridging the TDA and SAP Analysis and definition of strategic action National and regional stakeholder consultations Finalisation and validation

33. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project33 Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis and Strategic Action Programme (TDA/SAP) Government representatives Civil society Academic institutions Technical experts Constitution of the SAP drafting team:

34. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project34 Establishment of a SAP Drafting Team Analysis and definition of strategic action National and regional stakeholder consultations Finalisation and validation Bridging the TDA and SAP Analysis and definition of strategic action National and regional stakeholder consultations Finalisation and validation

35. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project35 Structure of the Framework SAP 1. Pollution from land-bases sources and consequent degeneration of water quality 2. Physical alteration and destruction of habitats 3. Alteration in fresh water flows and sediment loads from rivers 4. Governance and other cross-cutting issues Four thematic areas of intervention:

36. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project36 Establishment of a SAP Drafting Team Bridging the TDA and SAP National and regional stakeholder consultations Bridging the TDA and SAP Analysis and definition of strategic action Finalisation and validation

37. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project37 Structure of the SAP Vision EQ Objective EQ Objective EQ Objective Target Action

38. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project38 Five key principles: Equity Sharing responsibility and management Harmony between resource users and nature An informed society, and Lifestyles adjusted to sustainability. A common vision for the region “People of the region prospering from a healthy Western Indian Ocean”

39. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project39 Environmental Quality Objectives By 2032 in the WIO region: A. Critical coastal habitats will be protected, restored and managed for sustainable use; B. Water quality will meet international standards; and C. River flows will be wisely and sustainably managed By 2013, there will be: D. Effective collaboration at regional level in addressing transboundary challenges

40. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project40 Targets Specific short (5 year), medium (5-15 year) and long-term (15-25 year) targets defined for each objective: –Policy and legal reforms –Information generation and analysis –Capacity and awareness building –Investments

41. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project41 Establishment of a SAP Drafting Team National and regional stakeholder consultations Bridging the TDA and SAP Analysis and definition of strategic action Finalisation and validation

42. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project42 Consultative steps in SAP preparation SAP Drafting Workshop MWW Task Force PADH Task Force LTR Task Force WSQ Working Group Regional SAP Stakeholder Workshop National SAP Stakeholder Workshops Final SAP Final Technical Discussions

43. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project43 Establishment of a SAP Drafting Team National and regional stakeholder consultations Bridging the TDA and SAP Analysis and definition of strategic action Finalisation and validation

44. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project44 Principal mechanisms for endorsement of the SAP Project Steering Committee Conference of Parties to the Nairobi Convention

45. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project45 Implementing the SAP 1. Mainstreaming into national development plans 2. Identification of partners for SAP implementation 3. Development of concrete proposals for partner support 4. Designation of Regional Activity Centers 5. Monitoring and evaluation of SAP implementation by the Nairobi Convention Secretariat

46. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project46 National roll-out A new Protocol on Land- based Sources and Activities for the Nairobi Convention A Strategic Action Programme on Land- based Sources and Activities Management Mainstreaming Land-based Sources and Activities Management at the National Level

47. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project47 Regional versus national action Regional Strategic Action Programme (SAP) National Action Plan A two-way process Linked to LBSA Protocol

48. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project48 Mainstreaming / Development of National Programmes of Action 6 countries engaged in mainstreaming / developing National Programmes of Action: Tanzania Kenya South Africa (completed) Mauritius Seychelles Mozambique

49. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project The WIO-LaB TDA and SAP Lessons learnt

50. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project50 Three plusses 1. Involvement of regionally-accepted experts in the TDA development facilitates regional acceptance 2. Inclusive SAP development process has led to strong partnerships and ownership 3. The attachment to the Nairobi Convention secures a relatively straightforward governance mechanism

51. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project51 Three minuses 1. The thorough process, with high level of stakeholder involvement, has caused considerable delay 2. The overall coordinative functions assigned to the PMU have placed quite a burden on its limited capacity 3. The national mainstreaming processes are very time- and resource intensive

52. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project52 Thank you for your attention