1. What is Health & Technology?

2. What is Health & Technology Health is all about feeling good. There are 3 sides to health. This is called the HEALTH TRIANGLE. Social Physical Mental

3. The Health Triangle All 3 sides of this triangle must be ‘IN PLACE’ for you to be HEALTH. That is you must have GOOD SOCIAL HEALTH, GOOD MENTAL HEALTH and GOOD PHYSICAL HEALTH. MENTAL HEALTH – describes how you feel in your head/mind.

4. The Health Triangle con’t Social health describes how you interact/communicate with people. Physical Health describes anything you do with your body. Any activity you carry out using the parts of your body. If any 1 of these sides is removed, the triangle would collapse.

5. SocialMentalPhysical

6. Which Side???? Communicating Well Coping with stress Taking exercise Eating well Being happy Achieving your full potential

7. Measurement low tech high tech Heart beat stethoscope heart monitor Pulse ratestopwatch pulsometer Blood pressuresphygmomanometer digital blood pressure meter Breathing rate observation spirometer Body fat skin callipers tracer analysis Temperature thermometer digital thermometer Muscle strengthdynamometer dynamic sensor Breath alcoholbreathalyser digital Alco meter

8. Advantages & Disadvantages of High Tech Advantages: Very Accurate Quick Disadvantages Expensive Harder to use & maintain

9. Advantages & Disadvantages of Low Tech Advantages Cheap Easy to use & maintain Disadvantages Not very accurate Slower

10. Healthy Lungs

11. Our lungs are found inside our rib cage on either side of the heart. They are spongy and pink in colour and are made up of millions of air sacs. The lungs take oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide from the blood. This is called gas exchange and happens at the air sacs.

13. A rings of cartilage

14. B windpipe

15. A rings of cartilage B trachea C bronchus

16. A rings of cartilage B trachea C bronchus D air sacs

17. A rings of cartilage B trachea C bronchus D alveolus E rib muscles

18. A rings of cartilage B trachea C bronchus D alveolus E intercostal muscles F diaphragm

19. A B C D E F

21. During inhalation, we breathe in. The muscles of the diaphragm and ribs contract During exhalation, we breathe out. The muscles of the diaphragm and ribs relax

23. Breathing rate Our breathing rate is the number of breaths you take in one minute. Breathing rate will alter according to your size,sex age fitness or activity. 1.Vital Capacity This is the maximum volume of air you can breathe out after a deep breath. 2.Tidal Volume This is the normal volume of air in one breath. Both, allow us the measure the health of the lungs

24. 3. Peak Flow This is measuring the maximum rate ( speed) at which air can be breathed out. Peak flow can be used to diagnose asthma. Exercise improves the efficiency of the lungs Activity 1 - Measuring Breathing Rate 1.Collect a stopclock and work with a partner 2.Time the number of breaths you take in one minute.(a breath in and out counts as 1 breath ) 3.Record this result.

25. Cigarettes contain many harmful substances. The most harmful are tar,carbon monoxide and nicotine Carbon monoxide is a posionous gas found in cigarette smoke. It can be absorbed by your red blood cells, instead of oxygen. This starves your body of oxygen. Tar collects in the lungs and causes lung cancer. Nicotine is addictive like a drug making it very difficult for smokers to stop.

26. Alcohol is made by the action of yeast on sugar solution. Different alcoholic drinks have a different percentage of alcohol. Drink % of alcohol Beer4 cider5 wine11 whisky40 brandy40 rum40 port19 sherry17

27. The effects of alcohol long term are harmful. Alcohol is a depressant drug and even in small amounts can slow down the brain. Alcohol causes : Slow reactions blurred vision Impaired judgement Lack of co-ordination Long term effects can be brain damage,strokes and liver disease.

28. 1 unit of alcohol is equal to 15 mg./100ml. of blood The following measures contain 1 unit of alcohol : Glass of wine ½ pint of beer ¼ gill of whiskey or any other spirit Glass of sherry or port It takes the liver an hour per unit drunk to breakdown the alcohol in the blood.

29. The heart and circulatory system The heart is made of muscle and it’s job is to pump blood around the body. The heart muscle contracts constantly to make sure every part of the body receives food,oxygen and heat. The heart is found between the lungs and is slightly left of the centre of your body. The heart and lungs are both protected by the rib cage.

30. The heart and circulatory system Blood is transported around the body through blood vessels. There are valves in your heart which make sure that the blood always flows in the right direction through the blood vessels. Your circulatory system is a one-way system! The closing and opening of these valves can be heard as heart beats.

31. Right Atrium Left Atrium Right Ventricle Left Ventricle Thick Muscular Wall Valves Blood from the body Blood to the body Blood from them lungs Blood to the Lungs

32. Blood vessels There are three types of blood vessels: Arteries; Capillaries ; Veins Arteries carry blood Away from the heart. They start at the heart as very large vessels but divide many times until they become tiny vessels called capillaries which can be found in your body tissues. Capillaries allow food and oxygen to move from your blood into your body tissue and pick up waste such as carbon dioxide.

33. Capillaries then join up to form large vessels called veins which take blood back into the heart. Copy and complete the flow chart by writing in the three types of blood vessel From heart To heart

35. Pulse When the heart beats the arteries swell a little. This can be felt by placing the fingertips on any artery near the skin. The average pulse rate is 66 beats per min but can range from 60-80 beats per min. Pulse rate depends on size, age, and fitness of a person. A high resting pulse rate can lead to heart disease. A low resting pulse can indicate fitness. Pulse can be measured using fingers and stopclock or a pulsometer.

36. Recovery time Fit people usually have low resting pulse rates and short recovery times. Their hearts and lungs are so efficient that their pulse returns to normal rate very quickly after exercise. Pulse rate and recovery time can be reduced by getting fitter.

37. Diet

38. A healthy diet consists of a balance of energy giving foods and those that the body needs for growth and repair. Energy Foods 1.Carbohydrates : theses foods are starchy or sweet.eg. Cereal, bread, cake. 2. Fats : these foods are oily or fatty. eg. Chips, butter, bacon.

39. A healthy diet consists of a balance of energy giving foods and those that the body needs for growth and repair. Energy Foods 1.Carbohydrates : theses foods are starchy or sweet.eg. Cereal, bread, cake. 2. Fats : these foods are oily or fatty. eg. Chips, butter, bacon.

40. Foods needed for growth and repair are : 3. Proteins : good sources are fish, meat and nuts. 4. Vitamins and Minerals : these are found mainly in fruit and vegetables. Diet or eating habits is one factor that determines a persons weight. People who are overweight or obese are likely to suffer heart disease or diabetes.

41. 1.51.61.71.81.9 Height in (m) Mass (kg) 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Very obese obese overweight ideal

42. ActivityMeasuring Height and Weight Measure your height using the height chart on the wall. Weigh your self on the bathroom scales. With a pencil, draw a straight line across your chart with a ruler at your weight. Now draw a straight line up at your height. Where the 2 lines meet will indicate your weight type.

43. Fruit / vegetables Bread / cereal Meat/fish Fat/sugar Milk/dairy Daily Balance

44. Use the pie chart and graph to answer the following questions : 1.Which food group gives you the most energy 2. Why do you need a large amount of fruit and vegetable each day ? 3. Meat and fish are made of what kind of food ? 4. John is 1.70 m tall and weighs 85 kg. Use the graph and comment on Johns weight. 5. Would you need any other information before you recommend John lose weight ?

45. Energy requirements The total amount of energy required per day depends on several factors such as the person’s Age: adults and growing teenagers need more energy than young children Sex: men normally need more energy than women Size: people with a bigger body frame need more energy than those with a smaller build Occupation: people with active jobs require more energy Lifestyle: some sports and activities use up more energy than others.

46. PersonDaily energy requirement (kJ) 2 year-old child5000 6 year-old child6500 12-15 year-old girl9600 12-15 year old boy11700 Woman (light work)9500 Woman (pregnant)10000 Woman (heavy work12500 Man (light work)11500 Man (moderate work)13000 Man (very heavy work)15500

47. The importance of energy balance If the energy taken in by a person equals the energy the use up, they are energy balanced and will not lose or gain weight. If more energy is taken in than used up, a person will gain weight. If less energy is taken in than used up, a person will lose weight.

48. Leisure activityApproximate energy used per hour (kJ) Watching TV400 Walking1000 Swimming1500 Tennis1700 Football2150 Running2500 Boxing3200

49. Body fat The human body needs fat for a variety of reasons: Acts as an energy store Used under the skin to insulate the body by reducing heat loss Fat pads in hands and feet absorb shock Required to make nerve cells work

50. Measuring body fat The body of a healthy adult female should contain 20-25% fat and a male should have 15-20%. Body fat can be measured using a skin fold calliper (low tech) or a fat sensor (high tech).

51. Using a skin fold calliper Measurements taken in four key positions on right-hand side of body. A fold of skin is taken between thumb and index finger and calliper is applied to the fold. Add the four average results together then refer to % fat content table provided by your teacher.

52. 123 Back of arm Front of arm Waist Below shoulder blade Total Percentage Average

53. Our body must be kept at a constant temperature between 36 and 37.3°C in order to work efficiently. Body temperature can alter slightly depending on where it is measured, the time of day and in women, the time of month (menstrual cycle). The brain acts as a thermostat to maintain a constant body temperature. Body temperature

54. A body temperature above 40°C can lead to heatstroke or indicate fever as a result of fighting infection. A body temperature below 35°C indicates hypothermia. If the temperature of the body falls below 30°C, death can result. Babies and the elderly are particularly at risk.

55. We can measure body temperature using: a clinical thermometer a liquid crystal thermometer a digital clinical thermometer

56. Measuring Body Temperature Temp. (ºC) Clinical thermometer Liquid crystal thermometer Digital thermometer

57. 1. Which thermometer do you think gives the most reliable reading of your body temperature? 2. Which thermometer is the easiest to use?

58. Exercise and healthy muscles Most of the energy obtained by food is to help us move. All movement is brought about by the action of muscles. When muscles contract they become shorter and fatter and the parts of the body they are attached to move. After contraction, muscles relax and return to their original shape.

59. Muscles must work in pairs and the diagram below shows the pair of muscles in the upper arm. Bicep contracts to bend the arm Tricep contracts to straighten the arm

60. Muscles need to be exercised regularly to maintain their size and strength. Regular workouts make muscles develop a better blood supply, grow bigger and increase in strength. If muscles are not exercised regularly, they decrease in size and strength.

61. Measuring muscle strength Hand grip strength is measured in newtons using a dynamometer. 1st dynamomter reading 2 nd dynamometer reading Average Right hand Left hand

62. Muscle fatigue This investigation will test your muscle endurance! Trial 1No.of elbow bends 1 st min 2 nd min 3 rd min Trial 2No. of elbow bends 1 st min 2 nd min 3 rd min

63. Instructions Stretch right arm straight out to the side Bend arm at elbow until hand touches shoulder and fully straighten again Record no. of bends you can manage in one min Repeat twice Rest for five minutes Repeat whole exercise

64. Reaction Time In many sports it is important to react quickly to a certain signal. The time taken to respond to a stimulus is called reaction time. Reaction time can be affected by drugs, alcohol or excitement. It can be a useful indicator of a person’s health.

65. A long reaction time can indicate that the person is suffering from Diabetes Brain disorder Nerve disorder Arterial disease Reaction time can be measured using a dropped metre stick or an electronic timer.

66. Measuring reaction time 1. Hold metre stick above your partner’s hand. 2. Drop the stick unexpectedly. Your partner must grab it as quickly as they can. 3. Read the length on the ruler that has fallen through their hand. 4. Look up the reaction time table and record the time in seconds.

67. Reaction time 1 (secs) Reaction time 2 (secs) Reaction time 3 (secs) Average Right hand Left hand

68. Alcohol Alcohol is a colourless liquid formed by the action of yeast on sugar solutions. Different alcoholic drinks have different volumes of alcohol in them and this is given as a percentage. The higher the percentage of alcohol content,the stronger the alcoholic drink.

69. Alcohol is taken into the blood from the stomach. When it reaches the brain it causes changes in brain activity. The liver slowly breaks down alcohol present in the blood into harmless substances. Alcohol in the blood can be measured using an alcometer (high tech) or a breathalyser (low tech)

70. Short term effects of alcohol include Slower reaction time Poor muscle control Poor judgement Long term effects include Liver damage Brain damage