1. Chapter 2 Classification Life Over Time

2. What is Classification?  All Living Things are classified –Classification means to arrange organisms into groups based on similarities or traits.  What are some examples of classification that we see everyday?

3. Early History of Classification  Aristotle- a Greek philosopher who observed living things. –Lived over 2000 years ago  Classified organisms as either plants or animals

4. Vocabulary  Taxonomy- “taxis”= arrangement –The science of naming and classifying organisms. –Taxonomists use classification to organize living things on their similarities and differences.

5.  Scientists collect physical and genetic evidence to classify species.

6.  Kingdom- largest classification group –Aristotle created two Kingdoms: Plants and Animals –Today there are 6 Kingdoms

7. Classifying Species  Years ago, scientist would classify species according to behavior & appearances.  Scientist needed a system for organizing and naming organisms…

8. New system  Carolus Linnaeus- Swedish physician and naturalist who discovered and named ~4000 species. –Used appearance to classify species into groups –Created “two name” naming system that specifically identified ALL living things

9. Scientific Naming System  Binomial Nomenclature- means “Two Names” or Scientific Name

10. GENUS First Name:  Genus- a group of closely related species –Example: Puma, Marbled Cats, House Cat are classified in the… Genus: Felis

11. SPECIES Second Name:  Species- group of similar organisms that reproduce among themselves. –Puma: Felis concolor –Marbled Cat: Felis marmorata –House cat: Felis domesticus –Humans: Homo sapiens

12. FACT  Over 1.5 million species have been named and described.  However, it is estimated that as many as tens of millions of species have yet to be discovered …

13. Seven Levels of Classification 1. Kingdom-largest 2. Phylum 3. Class 4. Order 5. Family 6. Genus 7. Species-smallest  King  Phillip  Came  Over  For  Good  Spaghetti

14.  Dichotomous Key- a tool used to help classify organisms based on their characteristics

15. Modern Classification  Phylogeny- an organism’s Evolutionary History –“Family History” or “Family Tree”

16. Six Kingdom Names: 1.Kingdom Eubacteria - Strep throat 2.Kingdom Archaebacteria - Blue Green Algae 3.Kingdom Protista - One celled animals 4.Kingdom Fungi 5.Kingdom Plant 6.Kingdom Animal

17. Question?  What are some reasons why scientists classify things? –Avoid Mistakes identifying species –Organisms with similar evolutionary histories are classed together –Give descriptive info. about the species –Helps organize info. quickly and efficiently