1. Mineralogy Rock: mixture of minerals Mineral: naturally occurring; definite chemical composition Mineralogy: the study and classification of minerals

2. Properties 1.Cleavage: the way some minerals break along certain lines of weakness in their structure - Click for animation

3. Properties 2.Fracture describe the shape and texture of the surface formed when a mineral is fractured - Click for animation

4. Properties 3.Hardness: measures how well a substance resists scratching fingernail = 2.5 copper coin = 4.5 iron nail = 5.5 glass = 6 -

5. Properties 4.Streak colour of powdered mineral observed on a streak plate (or tile) * restriction: mineral must have a hardness of <7 (tile hardness is 7) to leave a mark - Click for animation

6. Properties 5.Lustre: appearance/reflection of light from the surface Vitreous (glassy) Metallic Pearly/silky -

7. Properties 5.Density mass per unit volume (g/mL); depends on the elements that make up the mineral -

8. Identification 7.Magnetism: deflecting a compass needle due to the presence of iron 8.Crystal Shape: tendency of minerals to develop certain shapes -

9. Prismatic Diamond Calcite Feldspar

10. Silicon Dioxide: Sand & Quartz Prismatic

11. Tabular Like a table top Mica gypsum

12. Massive No crystals