1. Economic Change, Poverty and the Environment The 3xM Approach

2. Required Project Outputs
A replicable analytical approach
A replicable intervention approach
Five demonstration projects in diverse countries

3. 5 Country Experiences China: Forest co-management in Yunnan Province
Indonesia: Forest management on Lombok Island
El Salvador: Regional land use planning in Chalatenango
South Africa: Local tourist development in fragile desert area
Zambia: Land reform in deep rural areas

4. The Analytical Approach
Analyzing Poverty-Environment Dynamics at the Local Level
Analyzing the Influence of Meso-Level Institutions
Establishing Linkages to Macro Policies and National Institutions
Interpreting the Results
Identifying Strategic Interventions

5. The Intervention Approach
Translating Socioeconomic Analysis into Intervention Plans
Implementing Direct Interventions at the Local Level
Influencing Meso or Subnational Institutional Arrangements
Influencing National Policies and Institutions

6. The 3xM Approach
Effective intervention strategies require rigorous economic, ecological and institutional analysis that cuts across the micro, meso and macro levels of a given society
Removing obstacles at the local level that prevent the poor from competing economically, improving management of their natural resources and participating in political processes is the starting point of changing poverty-environment dynamics

7. The 3xM Approach Cont’d
Changing policies and institutional arrangements at sub-national (meso) and national (macro) levels is required to establish a coherent policy and institutional context in which local initiatives can thrive
Building alliances between rural communities and a wide range of advocates, experts and supporting institutes in urban areas is needed to effect the policy and institutional changes required across the three levels

8. Challenges Aligning the three Ms Reforming institutional arrangements
Integrating rural development in national development strategies
Strengthening political influence of rural communities

9. Supplemental Reforms Clarifying resource rights and responsibilities
Addressing the compensation issue
Strengthening the provision of public goods
Developing ‘pro-poor’ infrastructure

10. Key Messages
Require that projects be grounded on multi-layered, poverty-environment analysis that cuts across the economic, institutional and ecological spheres
Require that intervention projects demonstrate the link between micro and macro levels