1. STARTER ON THE PAPER IN FRONT OF YOU – WITH NO NOTES – MIND MAP EVERYTHING YOU REMEMBER FROM LAST LESSON INCLUDING KEY TERMS AND MEANINGS – YOU HAVE 5 MINS THEN YOU CAN GO BACK WITH A DIFFERENT COLOURED PEN AND MAKE A NOTE OF ANYTHING YOU HAVE MISSED – THIS WILL GUIDE YOUR ADDITIONAL STUDIES.

2. VIRTUE ETHICS WHAT IS GOOD?

3. RECAP VIRTUE ETHICS IS AGENT CENTRED – FOCUS ON THE QUESTION WHAT SORT OF PERSON SHOULD I BE? REATHER THAN HOW OUGHT I ACT IT IS FOCUSED ON ARÊTE MEANING EXCELLENCE. A VIRTUOUS PERSON THEN IS ONE WHO DOES THINGS EXCELLENTLY ALL OF THE TIME ARETAIC ETHICS – STRENGTH/EXCELLENCE CENTRED ETHICS VIRTUES – STRENGTHS OF CHARACTER AND VICES – WEAKNESSES FOCUS ON WALKING THE MIDDLE PATH BETWEEN EXCESS AND DEFICIENCY

4. SOME GOODS BETTER THAN OTHERS

5. INSTRUMENTAL AND INTRINSIC GOOD INSTRUMENTAL GOOD - SOMETHING GOOD AS A MEANS TO SOMETHING ELSE  HAVING A TAN? GOOD FOR GETTING A DATE  HAVING A DATE? GOOD FOR FALLING IN LOVE  BEING IN LOVE? GOOD FOR ITS OWN SAKE (INTRINSICALLY), AND FOR HAPPINESS (AS A MEANS TO HAPPINESS)  BEING HAPPY? GOOD FOR ITS OWN SAKE, AND AS A MEANS TO …

6. THE HIGHEST GOOD  NOTHING. IT SEEMS THAT HAPPINESS IS NOT DESIRED FOR ANYTHING OTHER THAN ITSELF. IT IS INTRINSICALLY DESIRABLE BUT NOT INSTRUMENTALLY SO. IS THAT TRUE OF ANYTHING ELSE? TRY OUT … HONOR? FAME? HAPPINESS, THEN, SEEMS TO BE THE HIGHEST GOOD FOR HUMANS. WE DESIRE IT FOR ITS OWN SAKE, BUT NEVER, SEEMINGLY, FOR ANYTHING ELSE. IT SEEMS SELF-SUFFICIENT.

7. WHAT IS HAPPINESS? HE SAYS THAT THE GOOD OF A THING IS ITS UNIQUE FUNCTION: THE GOOD OF THE EYE IS SEEING, AND IT’S A GOOD EYE IF IT SEES WELL THE GOOD OF A PENCIL IS WRITING, AND IT’S A GOOD PENCIL IF IT WRITES WELL HE THEN ASKS, WHAT IS THE GOOD OF HUMAN BEINGS? THE GOOD OF A HUMAN IS REASON, AND IT’S A GOOD HUMAN IF IT REASONS WELL. HUMANS ARE RATIONAL ANIMALS (COMMON DEFINITION OF HUMANS IN ANCIENT GREECE). HAPPINESS = REASONING … OR, IN ARISTOTLE’S OWN WORDS: HAPPINESS IS AN ACTIVITY OF THE SOUL (REASONING) IN CONFORMITY WITH VIRTUE (REASONING WELL) SO, HAPPINESS IS NOT A FEELING HAPPINESS IS NOT A CONDITION OR STATE OF MIND HAPPINESS IS NOT DESIRE-SATISFACTION (GETTING WHAT YOU WANT) HAPPINESS IS NOT SOMETHING YOU CAN RECEIVE

8. EVALUATION TASK BASED ON THE INFORMATION TODAY AND LAST LESSON WHAT ARE SOME STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES AS STATING EUDAIMONIA AS THE ULTIMATE AIM OF LIFE; THINK OF;  RELATIVITY,  COMPARISON TO CONSEQUENCE DRIVEN ETHICS  IT’S FOCUS ON HUMANS ONLY  FULFILLING PURPOSE FOR PURPOSE SAKE

9. STRENGTH FLOURISHING – MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS PUTS SELF ACTUALISATION AT THE TOP – THE FULFILMENT OF OUR POTENTIAL IS OUR ULTIMATE GOAL. THIS TIES IN WITH ARISTOTLE’S CONCEPT OF EUDAIMONIA AS ‘HUMAN FLOURISHING’.

10. WEAKNESS VIRTUE ETHICS GIVES NO SPECIFIC GUIDANCE ABOUT HOW WE ARE TO ACT. WE HAVE TO DECIDE FOR OURSELVES WHETHER TO GENETICALLY MODIFY ANIMALS, CLONE HUMANS, GO TO WAR, ABORT ETC. ETHICS LOSES ITS OBJECTIVITY AND BECOMES ENTIRELY RELATIVE.