1. Taxonomy Order in Diversity

2. Taxonomy: the science of classifying organisms into similar groups based on their characteristics and evolutionary history

3. Number of Living Organisms 1.7 Million Species Identified

4. - 1,000,000 Insects

5. - 248,000 Flowering Plants

6. -69,000 Fungi

7. -281,000 Other Animals

8. -One third are parasites

9. Biodiversity: variations in genes, species, and ecosystems

15. History of Taxonomy -Originally proposed by Aristotle -based his system on locomotion

16. Carlos Linnaeus -Founder of Modern Taxonomy -based on similar body structure -placed organisms into groups called taxa -used the language of Latin

17. Eight Major Taxonomic Groups -Domain  Largest Group -Kingdom -Phylum -Class -Order -Family -Genus -Species  Smallest Group

18. Species -A group of organisms which share similar characteristics -can breed with one another -and produce fertile offspring

19. Human Classification Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata -Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family: Hominidae Genus: Homo (man) Species: sapiens (wise)

20. Phylogeny – evolutionary history of organisms -Share common ancestors -phylogenetic trees: diagram showing relatedness of all species

21. Phylogenetic Tree Gills Lungs scales Warm blooded

23. Binomial Nomenclature: “two name naming” Scientific Names: Universal Language of Latin 1.Combination of genus and species. 2.Capitalize genus/lower case species 3.Underline or Italicize Ex. Homo sapiens or Homo sapiens Purpose: Reduce confusion of common names

24. Bluegill, sunfish, panfish, bream, blue bream, blue sunfish

25. Locust, harvest fly,Cicada

26. Cougar, panther, mountain lion, puma

27. Groundhog or woodchuck

28. Common Scientific Names (Canis familiarus)

29. (Gorilla gorilla)

30. (Felix domesticus)

31. (Canis lupus)

32. Scientific names are given to… 1. Describe the species Swima bombiviridis - the bombing worm

33. 2.Location of the 1 st discovered species Ex. Pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americana)

34. 3.Named after the scientist who discovered it Ex. Panthera tigris corbetti (Jim Corbett)

35. Family Names -Plant families end in “aceae” Ex. Poeaceae (grasses) -Animal families end in “idae” ex. Hominidae (humans)

36. Modern Taxonomy -Three Domains -based on cell types -Six Kingdoms

37. 1. Domain Archaea – prokaryotic cells 1a. Kingdom Archaeabacteria -Unicellular -asexual reproduction -most primitive life form

38. 2. Domain Bacteria: prokaryotic cells 2a. Kingdom Eubacteria: -prokaryotic cells -asexual reproduction -most common bacteria -several sizes and shapes Ex. Escherichia coli

39. 3. Domain Eukarya: eukaryotic cells 3a. Kingdom Protista -eukaryotic cells -asexual/sexual reproduction -autotroph and heterotroph Ex. amoeba

40. 3. Domain Eukarya: eukaryotic cells 3b. Kingdom Fungi -some photosynthetic -some are decomposers -some parasitic -multicellular

41. 3. Domain Eukarya: eukaryotic cells 3c. Kingdom Plantae: -multicelled and eukaryotic -cell specialization -autotrophic -sexual reproduction Ex. Green plants

42. 3. Domain Eukarya: eukaryotic cells 3d. Kingdom Animalia: -multicellular -eukaryotic -heterotrophic -complex organ systems -sexual reproduction Ex. Insects, birds, mammals

43. Prokaryotic Cells: simple cells -Lack a cell nucleus -Lack organelles -usually have a cell wall -unicellular

44. Eukaryotic Cells: Complex cells -have membrane-bound nucleus* -have many complex organelles* -have a cell wall (plant) or cell membrane (animal) -may be uni- or multicellular