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18.1 Taxonomy.

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Presentation on theme: "18.1 Taxonomy."— Presentation transcript:

1 18.1 Taxonomy

2 Taxonomy Naming and grouping organisms according to characteristics and evolutionary history Aristotle-first classification system Plant or animal group Plants-stem type animals-where they live Used common names Problems with this?

3 Carolus Linnaeus Grouped organisms by structure and form (morphology)
Created a system of hierarchy Used taxon groups

4 General group-lots of organisms
King Phillip came Over for great spaghetti Great way to remember order! Specific group/not many organisms Can produce fertile offspring

5 How do I remember Definitions for each word?
Use the level after the word: Example-phylum is a group of similar classes Family is a group of genuses

6 Human grouping system You need to write this!
Kingdom-Animalia Phylum-Chordata Class-Mammalia Order-primate Family-Hominidae Genus-Homo Species-Sapiens

7 Binomial nomeclature 2 word naming system Latin or Greek
1st name-genus; capitalized; can be abbreviated Homo sapiens= H. sapiens 2nd name-species; lowercase Must underline or italics

8 18.2 notes

9 Phylogeny Definition: Evolutionary relationships amongst organisms
Form of evolutionary classification Create a phylogenetic tree More like a hypothesis Can change

10 How do we classify or place on tree?
Fossil record Embryology Structure and form DNA and proteins

11 Cladistics Identifies and looks at only those characteristics that have arised in lineages over time Humans: walking upright Characteristics that appear in recent parts of a lineage and not in older members-derived characteristics Use to construct a cladogram Shows relationships Help understand independent evolution

12

13 Discuss at your table What is the connection between evolution and classification? How does genetics and protein synthesis connect with these two?

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