1. Taxonomy What’s in a name? 1

2. Taxonomy  The science of classifying and naming organisms 2

3. 1. Aristotle  Started the process of classifying or grouping living things  Compared structural similarities and habitat similarities  Created two groups of living things  Plants = similarities in stem structure  Animals = similarities in habitat = land, water, air 3

4. 2. Linnaeus, a Swedish biologist  Started a new system based on body form and structure A.Linnaeus first classified organisms into large groups called kingdoms  Kingdoms are broken down into smaller groups B.Levels of classification (Linnaeus Classification Hierarchy 4

5. Linnaeus Hierarchy  Domain (few characteristics in common)  Kingdom  Phylum  Class  Order  Family  Genus  Species (many characteristics in common) 5

6. Pneumonic Device  Pneumonic devices help you remember order of things  King Philip Came Over For Great Spaghetti  The more levels two organisms share, the more similar the organisms are to one another.  Two organisms of the same species are so similar genetically that they can mate and reproduce fertile offspring 6

7. Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Carnivora PrimataCarnivora Family CanidaeFelidaeHominidaeFelidaeCanidae Genus CanisAcinonyxHomoLynxCanis Species Canis lupus (Grey wolf) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah) Homo sapien (man) Lynx rufus (bobcat) Canis latrans (coyote) Which organism listed in the table is least like the others? Which 2 organisms are very closely related? 7

8. 3. Modern Classification  Modern classification uses 3 domains as a higher level of classification above kingdom  Domain is a group of related kingdoms A.Domain Archaea = Kingdom Archaebacteria only B.Domain Bacteria = Kingdom Eubacteria only C.Domain Eukarya = 4 kingdoms = Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia 8

9. Today classification is based on:  Form and structure  Embryo development  Chromosome number  DNA and amino acid sequence (proteins) 9

10. 4. Naming living things  Binomial nomenclature  A system developed by Linnaeus to eliminate the use of common names which can be very confusing  Pole cat  Binomial = 2 names  Nomenclature = naming system  Binomial nomenclature = 2 name naming system  Written in Latin 10

11. Naming living things  Example = Homo sapien OR Homo sapien  The first word in the scientific name = genus name; first letter is always capitalized  The second name in a scientific name = species name; always lower case  Both words must be italicized or underlined Lynx rufus (bobcat) Taxonomy: Life’s Filing System 11