1. Classification
How we group things

2. Why do we classify living things?
We have about 1.5 million NAMED & classified species.
There may be over 30 million species on Earth!!
We organize so we can communicate, share information & find information.

3. Taxonomy …branch of biology for naming & grouping of organisms
Can be grouped according to:
1) their characteristics
2) their evolutionary history

4. History of taxonomy Aristotle – had 2 groups, plants & animals
Linnaeus – developed a Hierarchy of levels, according to morphology (physical appearance)

5. Problems with using morphology to classify
Some things may look different but still be a member of the same species.
Injuries or other events may alter the physical appearance
Some things look alike but are not related (dolphins & fish)

6. Hierarchy of taxonomy Acronym: King Phillip Came Over For Grape Soda

7. Humans are: Kingdom- Animalia Phylum- Chordata Class- Mammalia
Order- Primates
Family- Homidae
Genus- Homo
Species- sapiens

8. Binomial Nomenclature
…is the ”2 part scientific name” of an organism
RULES
1) 1st word = genus name, always capitalize 1st letter
2) 2nd word = species name, all lower case
3) Both are italicized or underlined
4) Written in Latin
Example: Felis domesticus is a house cat.

9. EXAMPLES
Home sapien = humans
Felis leo = lion

10. Phylogeny
..classifying organisms according to their evolutionary history. Uses systematics.

11. How does systematics work?
Use evidence from many sources:
1) fossils
2) morphology (physical appearance)
3) embryological development
4) chromosomes & DNA

12. Characteristics of each….
The 6 Kingdoms
Characteristics of each….

13. Kingdom Archaebacteria
Prokaryotes
Single celled
Has a cell wall (no peptidoglycan)
Some autotrophs & heterotrophs
Live in extreme
environments
EX: halophiles, thermoacidophiles, methanogens

14. Kingdom Eubacteria Prokaryotes Single celled
Has cell wall with peptidoglycan
Some autotrophs & heterotrophs
EX: E. coli, S. pyogenes (causes strep throat), C. tetani (causes tetanus)

15. Kingdom Protista Eukaryotes Mostly single celled, some multicelled
Cell walls (some)
Autotrophs & heterotrophs
EX: Amoeba, paramecium, some algae
Some are free-living and some are parasitic!

16. Kingdom Fungi Eukaryotes Multicelled (except for yeast!)
Cell wall with chitin
Heterotrophs
EX: mushrooms, some molds, yeast
Some are parasitic!

17. Kingdom Plantae Eukaryotes Multicelled Cell wall with cellulose
Autotrophic
EX: oak trees, rose,
ferns

18. Kingdom Animalia Eukaryotes Multicelled No cell walls Heterotrophic
EX: insects, sponges, humans, frogs, etc…