ZAC Technical Institute GSM Foundation Course Prepared by Syed Amir Abbas.

ZAC Technical Institute GSM Foundation Course Prepared by Syed Amir Abbas

ZAC Technical Institute GSM Operator in Pakistan

ZAC Technical Institute 14% CDMA One TDMA 11% GSM and Others 75% GSM Source: European Mobile Communications(EMC)

ZAC Technical Institute Vendor’s Of Operators Core(MSC/BSC) RAN (BTS) Mobilink Alcatel/Huawei/Siemens/Nokia Motrola/Alcatel Ufone Huawei/Nortel Huawei / Nortel Telenore Siemens/Nokia Siemens / Nokia Warid Ericsson Ericsson / Huawei Zong ZTE/Huawei Ericsson/ZTE/Alcatel

ZAC Technical Institute Subscriber Data Base Mobilink 31,958,597 Telenore 17,841,074 Ufone17,800,424 Warid 15,114,678 Zong 3,662,099 Information received from PTA site survey on May 2008 (www.pta.com)

ZAC Technical Institute What is Telecommunication ? Telecommunication means to change information into electronic signals for remote transmission and switching. Fast Deployment Saving Transmission cost. Easy and Fast Access.

ZAC Technical Institute Frequency “ The frequency of a radio wave is the number of times that the wave oscillates per second."  FM Radio : 100 MHz Approx.  Television : 300 MHz Approx.  Mobile Networks : 300 – 2000 MHz Approx.

ZAC Technical Institute Bandwidth In electronic communication, bandwidth is the width of the range (or band) of frequencies that an electronic signal uses on a given transmission medium. In this usage, bandwidth is expressed in terms of the difference between the highest-frequency signal component and the lowest-frequency signal component. Bandwidth = Highest freq – Lowest Freq

ZAC Technical Institute Channels A Channel is a frequency or set of frequency which can be allocated for the transmission and reception of information. Types Of Communication Channels.

ZAC Technical Institute What is Multiple Access Simultaneous private use of a transmission medium by multiple independent users is called Multiple Access. Advantages Of Multiple Access Increased capacity Reduced capital requirement Decreased per user expense

ZAC Technical Institute FDMA, TDMA & CDMA FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) Each user on a different frequency A channel is a frequency TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) Each user on a different window period in time slot. CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) Each user uses the same frequency all the time but mixed with different distinguished code patterns.

ZAC Technical Institute 1 st Generation Cellular System Widespread introduction in early 1980s. Analogue modulation. Frequency division multiple access. Voice traffic only. No inter-network roaming possible. Insecure air interface. Examples :  AMPS (Advance mobile Phone System, American based,800MHz)  TACS (Total Access Communications System, UK based,900MHz)  C-450 (German standard, 450MHz)  JTACS (Japanese Total Access Communications System,900MHz).

ZAC Technical Institute 2 nd Generation Cellular System Widespread introduction in 1990s. Use digital modulation. Variety of multiple access strategies. More efficient use of radio spectrum. International roaming capability. Secure air interface. Compatibility with ISDN.

ZAC Technical Institute GSM Architecture Overview A GSM system is made up of three subsystems:  The mobile station (MS)  The Base station subsystem (BSS)  The Network and switching subsystem (NSS) The interfaces defined between each of these sub systems include:  “A” interface between NSS and BSS  “Abis” interface between BSC and BTS (Within the BSS)  “Um” air interface between the BSS and the MS

ZAC Technical Institute Abis Interface Interface

ZAC Technical Institute GSM Frequency Concepts

ZAC Technical Institute GSM Call Setup

ZAC Technical Institute MSMobile Station = phone + SIM card BTSBase Transceiver Station BSCBase Station Controller HLRHome Location Register MSCMobile services Switching Centre VLRVisitor Location Register AUCAuthentication Centre Stand-alone or integrated in HLR EIREquipment Identity Register For blacklisting stolen and unwanted equipment SMSCShort Message Service ”Support” Centre VMSVoice Messaging System PrePaid Node Hosting prepaid service system IN Intelligent Network services PSTNPublic Switched Telephone Network PABXPrivate Automatic Branch Exchange MSC/VLR Warid Telenore BSC SMSC EIR INTERNET Mobilink PSTN BSC PrePaid Node VMS HLR MSC w AUC

ZAC Technical Institute MSC SMSC EIR INTERNET PABX PSTN International PSTN Fixed Network BSC IN PrePaid VMS Voicemail HLR MSCBSC

ZAC Technical Institute MSC SMSC EIR INTERNET BSC IN PrePaid VMS Voicemail HLR MSCBSC PABX PSTN International PSTN Fixed Network

ZAC Technical Institute BSC Base Station Controller The call request reaches the BSC from the BTS and is forwarded to MSC. The call request reaches the BSC from the BTS and is forwarded to MSC. After call is established, the BSC will perform decoding of the call (in typical config.) After call is established, the BSC will perform decoding of the call (in typical config.)

ZAC Technical Institute BSC HLR MSC SMSC EIR INTERNET IN PrePaid VMS Voicemail MSCBSC PABX PSTN International PSTN Fixed Network

ZAC Technical Institute Checks A number. Checks A number. To whom is A subscriber calling? (Checks B number) To whom is A subscriber calling? (Checks B number) Example : A subscriberhas prepaid number. Example : A subscriber has prepaid number. MSC Mobile Switching Centre

ZAC Technical Institute Does the A subscriber have money left on his/her account? Does the A subscriber have money left on his/her account? When the call is established and on-going the subscriber’s account is decremented accordingly. When the call is established and on-going the subscriber’s account is decremented accordingly. PrePaid Node

ZAC Technical Institute Where is the B subscriber? Where is the B subscriber? MSC interrogates in HLR. (HLR = Home Location Register) MSC interrogates in HLR. (HLR = Home Location Register) MSC Mobile Switching Centre Mobile Switching Centre

ZAC Technical Institute BSC HLR MSC IN PrePaid VMS Voicemail MSCBSC PABX PSTN International PSTN Fixed Network SMSC EIR INTERNET

ZAC Technical Institute BSC HLR MSC MSCBSC PABX PSTN International PSTN Fixed Network IN PrePaid VMS Voicemail SMSC EIR INTERNET

ZAC Technical Institute HLR says ’I am the home of the B subscriber and I know where he/she is right now’ (i.e. which VLR) HLR says ’I am the home of the B subscriber and I know where he/she is right now’ (i.e. which VLR) Tells this VLR ’Give me a visitor address for this subscriber’ (Roaming Number) Tells this VLR ’Give me a visitor address for this subscriber’ (Roaming Number) HLR Home Location Register

ZAC Technical Institute BSC HLR MSC MSC PABX PSTN International PSTN Fixed Network IN PrePaid VMS Voicemail SMSC EIR INTERNET

ZAC Technical Institute Hosting MSC/VLR returns TEMPORARILY assigned visitor/roaming address for B- subscriber to HLR. Hosting MSC/VLR returns TEMPORARILY assigned visitor/roaming address for B- subscriber to HLR. MSC Mobile Switching Centre

ZAC Technical Institute ’Thanks for the visitor address!’ ’Thanks for the visitor address!’ ’I will send this address to the MSC that requested for it.’ ’I will send this address to the MSC that requested for it.’ HLR Home Location Register

ZAC Technical Institute ’Thank you, HLR!’ ’Thank you, HLR!’ Speech connection path will set up now towards the MSC/VLR where the B subscriber is presently located. Speech connection path will set up now towards the MSC/VLR where the B subscriber is presently located. MSC Mobile Switching Centre

ZAC Technical Institute Sets up a speech connection towards BSC. Sets up a speech connection towards BSC. Delivers B-subscriber ID to BSC and asks to page for the subscriber using that ID. Delivers B-subscriber ID to BSC and asks to page for the subscriber using that ID. MSC Mobile Switching Centre

ZAC Technical Institute BSC now sends a PAGING MESSAGE to all the BTSs that it covers/controls. BSC now sends a PAGING MESSAGE to all the BTSs that it covers/controls. Carrys PAGING RESPONSE from called MS back to MSC. Carrys PAGING RESPONSE from called MS back to MSC. Allocates a RADIO channel through a BTS with best available and allowable SIGNAL STRENGTH for called MS. Allocates a RADIO channel through a BTS with best available and allowable SIGNAL STRENGTH for called MS. Performs SPEECH CODING when call is established. Performs SPEECH CODING when call is established. BSC Base Station Controller

ZAC Technical Institute GSM Foundation Course Prepared by Syed Amir Abbas.

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ZAC Technical Institute GSM Foundation Course Prepared by Syed Amir Abbas.

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