1. The American Pageant Chapter 24 Industry Comes of Age, 1865-1900
Cover Slide
The American Pageant
Chapter 24
Industry Comes of Age,
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2. Child worker, glass factory
Child labor was common in the factories of 19th century America. (Library of Congress)
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3. Children in textile mills
Much of the new southern textile industry was based on child labor. These children were photographed by Lewis Hines in (National Archives/ Lewis Hines)
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4. Dangerous conditions at the Meadville, Pennsylvania Steel Company
Steel became a vital component of American industrialization in the late nineteenth century, both as a product itself and as a material necessary for countless new machines. Steel mills--such as this one in Meadville, Pennsylvania--employed large work forces in ever more expansive, and dangerous, settings. (Library of Congress)
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5. Edison Lab at Menlo Park
Always a self-promoter, Edison used this depiction of his "invention factory" to suggest that his development of a durable light bulb in 1879 would have an impact on life around the globe. (Departrment of the Interior, National Park Service, Edison National Historic Site)
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6. Edison with phonograph lab
Thomas Edison, the most prolific inventor of the post-Civil War era, and his invention "factories" patented hundreds of creations, including the phonograph, the light bulb, and the motion picture. He had enormous appeal for Americans, not only because he gave them incredible new devices, but because he proved that the power of individual genius still had significance in the age of the corporation. (Library of Congress)
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7. Funeral of President Lincoln, New York, April 25, 1865 by Currier & Ives
The death of President Lincoln caused a vast outpouring of grief in the North. As this Currier and Ives print shows, his funeral train stopped at several cities on its way to Illinois to allow local services to be held. (Anne S. K. Brown Military Collection, John Hay Library, Brown University)
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8. Genuine Connellsville Coke
Coke is a vital ingredient in the manufacturing of iron. (Library of Congress)
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9. Knights of Labor
Knights of Labor
Black delegate Frank J. Farrell introduces Terence V. Powderly, head of the Knights of Labor, at the organization's 1886 convention. The Knights were unusual in accepting both black and female workers. (Library of Congress)
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10. Management and Labor
Management and Labor
This cartoon, from Puck, April 7, 1886, shows Terence Powderly, in the center, advocating the position of the Knights of Labor on arbitration. The Knights urged that labor and management (identified here as "capital") should settle their differences this way, rather than by striking. Note how the cartoonist has depicted labor and management as of equal size, and given both of them a large weapon; management's club is labeled "monopoly" and labor's hammer is called "strikes." In fact, labor and management were rarely equally matched when it came to labor disputes in the late nineteenth century. (Puck, April 7, 1886)
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11. Standard Oil Monopoly
Standard Oil Monopoly
Believing that Rockefeller's Standard Oil monopoly was exercising dangerous power, this political cartoonist depicts the trust as a greedy octopus whose sprawling tentacles already ensnare Congress, state legislatures, and the taxpayer, and are reaching for the White House. (Library of Congress)
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12. The Manufacture of Iron
Manufacturing iron was a hot and strenous process, requiring workers to spend longs hours stoking hot blast furnaces. (Library of Congress)
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13. Thomas Edison
Thomas Edison
This photograph from 1893 shows Thomas A. Edison in his laboratory, the world's leading research facility when it opened in By creating research teams, the Edison laboratories could pursue several projects at once. They developed a dazzling stream of new products, most based on electrical power. (Library of Congress)
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14. Women telephone workers, Roanoke, Virginia
As this telephone office in Roanoke, Virginia, reveals, women office employees usually worked under the direct supervision of male managers. (Library of Congress)
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15. Map: Expansion of Agriculture, 1860-1900
The amount of improved farmland more than doubled during these forty years. This map shows how agricultural expansion came in two ways--first, western lands were brought under cultivation; second, in other areas, especially the Midwest, land was cultivated much more intensely than before.
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16. Map: Industrial Production, 1919
By the early twentieth century, each state could boast of at least one kind of industrial production. Although the value of goods produced was still highest in the Northeast, states like Minnesota and California had impressive dollar values of outputs.
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17. Map: Transcontinental Railroads and Federal Land Grants, 1850-1900
Despite the laissez-faire ideology that argued against government interference in business, Congress heavily subsidized American railroads and gave them millions of acres of land. As illustrated in the box, belts of land were reserved on either side of a railroad's right of way. Until the railroad claimed the exact one-mile-square sections it chose to possess, all such sections within the belt remained closed to settlement.
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18. Audio: First Recorded Promotional Message on the Phonograph
Click on image to launch audio. Apple QuickTime® required to play.
First Recorded Promotional Message on the Phonograph
(1906. Great Speeches of the 20th Century, Rhino Records, Los Angeles, CA, 1991.)
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