1. Visual Impairments KNR 270

2. Visual Impairments  What is visual acuity? Amount of detail that can be seen Clearness  What is visual field? Entire area that can be seen at one time with fixed eyes 180 degrees

3. Visual Impairments  What do you think about when you hear that someone is blind? What do you think they see? What is your vision?

4. Visual Impairments  Legal blindness 20/200 in best eye with correction Or visual field of 20 degrees at the widest point  Can be legally blind and still have some useable or functional vision Most have some functional vision Only 5% are totally blind

5. At 20 feet, the person with 20/20 vision sees the stop sign clearly. At 20 feet, the person with 20/40 vision sees the stop sign as if they were 40 feet away.

6. Visual Impairment  Congenital blindness Birth – 5 years No visual memory  After 5 years, there is visual memory that can help assist with learning

7. Visual Impairments  Low vision 20/70 – 20/200 30 degrees  72% of people with visual impairments are over 65 years Diabetes Cataracts Glaucoma  Blindisms

8. Causes  Congenital  Acquired (infection)  Accidents  Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) Premature infants, 100% oxygen  Detached retina Retina detaches & rips from wall, creates blind spots  Diabetic retinopathy  Glaucoma Increase pressure in eye, tunnel vision  Cataracts Opacity of lens, infants & older people  Macular degeneration Runs in families, problems with reading  Retinitis pigmentosa Inherited

9. Mobility  Dog guide  Only 5%

10. Mobility  White Cane  Purpose Identify Probe Protection

11. Mobility  Human (Sighted) Guide

12. Considerations/Accommodations  Ask how best help & about residual vision  Identify self / let know who is speaking  Speak directly to the person  Use normal voice volume  Introduce to group  Reduce loud or disturbing background noises

13. Considerations/Accommodations  Never leave alone in space Tell when leaving Place near wall, table, chair  Orient to rooms / provide tours Include restrooms, water fountains, emergency exits, main areas Use clock or directions (N,S,W,E) Landmarks  Reduce glare / good lighting

14. Considerations/Accommodations  Use all senses in teaching  Be descriptive  Allow exploration/manipulation  Keep walkways clear of obstructions  Braille, larger text Technology, Disability Concerns tour  Count out change  Adaptive equipment

15. Considerations/Accommodations  Don’t touch guide dog  Use contrasting colors Doors/walls Step edges  Know human (sighted) guide  Places for dogs to potty  Others????

16. Sports: Goal Ball  http://www.ncpad.org/competitive/fact_s heet.php?sheet=52&section=384 http://www.ncpad.org/competitive/fact_s heet.php?sheet=52&section=384

17. Sports: Beep Baseball  http://www.nbba.org/ rules/index.htm http://www.nbba.org/ rules/index.htm

18. What’s Your Bowling Preference?

19. Tandem Bike Riding

20. Fore!!!!

21. Outdoor Adventure

22. Around the Campfire

23. Nature Hike

24. Sensory Activities

25. Worn Out in the Wild West

26. Craft: Tactual Bandanas

27. Hayride

28. Games & Crafts

29. I’ve Never Played Bingo Before

30. Yum, Yum

31. My Horse Will Be So Cool

32. Is This Western Or English?

33. Costumes

34. Saying Goodbye