2. Understand Mobile Technologies What? Chao-Hsien Chu, Ph.D. School of Information Sciences and Technology The Pennsylvania State University

3. Understand Mobile Computing What ? Why ? Where ?How ? Advantages Disadvantages Venders Carriers

4. Broadband Cellular 3G Cellular 2.5G Cellular Mobile Technologies – What? 10 m100 m1 km10 km 10 kbs 100 kbs 1 mbs 10 mbs 100 mbs Distance Throughput RFID Bluetooth 802.11x 2G Cellular

5. Mobile Technologies – What? Cellular / PCS: - Cell phones - PDAs - PC cards Location Based Services: - Network - Handset SIM Cards: - Personal data - Stored minutes (prepay) - Stored value (m-cash) Message Technologies: - Email - SMS - IM Telematics: - Private vehicles - Commercial Telemetry

6. US Carriers 29.4m cust. cdmaOne AMPS/CDPD cdma2000 1XRTT Verizon (55%) Vodafone (45%) 21.3m GSM/GPRS AMPS/TDMA GSM/GPRS EDGE SBC (60%) BellSouth (40%) 19.4m (incl. TeleCorp) AMPS/TDMAGSM/GPRS EDGE DoCoMo (16%) 14.4mcdmaOne cdma2000 1XRTT All 1900 mHz 8.1miDEN iDEN 2Looking to be acquired??? 6.5mGSM/GPRS Deutsche Telekom (100%)

7. Mobile Computing Standards 9.6 to 14.4 Kb/sec 115 Kb/sec 384 Kb/sec 384+ Kb/sec (GPRS) (EDGE) (UMTS) 9.6 to 43.2 Kb/sec 9.6 Kb/sec 60-70 Kb/sec ??? 19.2 Kb/sec 4.8 to 19.2 Kb/sec 9.6 Kb/sec64 Kb/sec (NextGen ReFLEX ???) 2G2.5G3G 14.4 – 64 Kb/sec 144 Kb/sec 384 Kb/sec cdmaOne (95A-95B) (cdma2000 1XRTT) (cdma2000 EVDV) GSM TDMA CDMA iDEN CDPD Mobitex & DataTAC ReFLEX 200020012002200320042005

8. Mobile Protocol Standards GSM: Global Systems for Mobile Communications. TDMA: Time Division Multiple Access. CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access. iDEN: Integrated Digital Enhanced Network. CDPD:Cellular Digital Packet Data. Mobitex & DataTAC: Packed-switch Mobile Data Network. UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecom System.

9. Bluetooth 1994 – Ericsson 1998 – Bluetooth SIG - 2000+ members PAN - Personal Area Networking 2.4 gHz 10 m radius - No line-of-sight requirement, as with IR 128 bit security encryption Up to 720 Kb/sec. Low cost chip (max $5) - Can be fitted into anything!

10. 802.11 Standard Series Wireless IP networking for home and office - Limit range: 150 m 802.11b: 11 Mb/sec @ 2.4 gHz - Bluetooth conflicts? 802.11a: 54 Mb/sec @ 5 gHz 802.11g: 22  54 Mb/sec @ 2.4 gHz - Newest std; forward compatibility. Benefits: - User mobility: home, office, even public locations! - Flexibility: P2P, access point (wireless hub), hand-over. - Cheaper: infrastructure. Old building, fault tracking. Issues: significant security problems.

11. Types of Mobile Applications Notification (paging) Two-way Messaging Interactive Data Exchange (Sales order entry, status, ticket purpose). Email (supports, attachments) M-Commerce On-line information inquiry. Telemetry. Location-based services. M-Learning.

12. Mobile Challenges Many different kinds of device technologies: - Internet enabled desktops, PDAs, WAP phones, pagers - Different devices support multiple kinds of browsers Many network protocols with different characteristics: - Voice, data, messaging support traffic from real-time conversations to one-way messaging. - WAP, GSM, CDMA, TDMA, CDPD, AMPS, SMS, TCP/IP, Mobitex, ReFlex Many different kinds of services to be delivered: - Sales, services, support, marketing, distribution, … Many different delivery situations: - In the office, at a customer site, in the airport, on a plane, on the road, at home, you named it. Industry-standard protocols are not fully emerges yet.

13. Mobile Challenges Unfriendly communication environment: - Fluctuating coverage conditions caused by weather, buildings, mountains, devices. - May have coverage holes Narrow bandwidth and low speeds. Interoperability Issues. Roaming workforces. Limitations of current devices and protocol. Security.

14. Limitations of Wireless  Bandwidth limitations.  Incomplete service coverage.  Scarcity of contents  Lack of an installed user base.  High customer cost.  Changing communications standards.  Security.

15. Trends in Mobile Devices Faster processors More memory Screens: - Bigger - More color depth - Bitmap addressable New user interfaces: - Keyboard (built-in/attachable) - Joysticks Device convergence: - Hybrid phone/PDA/Pocket PC Cameras / MP3 Player Virtual Machines/Browsers

16. How do Applications run on Devices? Native OS Virtual Machine Library over Native OS Markup in a Browser Processor Device OS Application Processor Device OS VM (App) VM Application Processor Device OS Browser (App) Content

17. Web vs. Mobile Development Screen sizes/ resolutions B&W or Color OS Versions Browser versions Application Languages Internationalization Language versions Handset scripting Messaging Keyboards vs. Soft Buttons Available Memory Application Server Data Server HTMLcHTMLHDMLBREWWMLPalmClJ2MEVoice

18. Developing Services for Multiple Devices Custom Development: - If you control the mobile devices. - If you have unlimited resources Transcoding: - HTML content scraped and re-marked up - Not recommended for long term XML/XSL: - Some limitations in what a style sheet can do - It is also up to your programming skill Presentation Server: - Virtualize presentation definition

19. Areas Mobile Technologies Help AreaProblem Solved Decision Support Information mobility. Shorten cycle time; reduce cost. Performance Support Timely and up-to-date information. Effectiveness. Efficiency Access information in the field. Reduce redundant activities Utilization Supplying and capturing information remotely. Avoid asset downtime, increase productivity Customer Satisfaction Convenient, mobility, flexibility

20. Advantages to Win Competition Cost Quality Innovation Time Flexibility Machines Materials Money Information Technology Services

21. Competitive Advantages  Cost / Price: - Initial Cost. - Life Cycle Cost.  Quality: - Reliability. - Features. - Performance.  Time: - Fast Delivery Time. - On Time Delivery. - New Systems Development Speed.  Flexibility: - Functionality Changes. - Format Changes - Interfaces …

22. Benefits of Mobile Computing BenefitUnderlying Mechanism Better decision making More complete, and up-to-date information at moment of decision making Shorter response time and process cycle time Instantly act on new developments triggered by notification and alerts. Initiate execution of subsequent activities from mobile location. Faster information dissemination among sales, field service and customer support staff and the like Remove inefficiencies and reduce error rates Capture data in electronic format at point of creation. Simply data exchange between mobile works and back-office systems. Eliminate duplicate data entry in disparate applications Convenience Easy anywhere, anytime access to information and applications. Manage tasks when away from desk. Key information readily at hand. Faster access to electronic stored information.

23. Benefits of Mobile Computing BenefitUnderlying Mechanism Improved productivity Increase first-time success rate. Reduce administrative activities. Improve resource deployment, scheduling and task assignment. Use down-time more productive. Increase customer satisfaction Work from up-to-date client related status/issues information. Faster response to customer requests Handle everything on the spot. First time right. Increase customer retention & loyalty Differentiate product/service with mobile extensions. Increase barrier to switch.

24. Business Benefits There are no "wireless" problems, only business problems. Improving customer relationships Reducing errors Increasing productivity Strengthening communications Reducing Latencies (faster turnaround) Quicker and easier access to information Improving support

25. Thank You? Any Question?

26. Determinants for Wireless Services Handset Service Contract Roaming Charge Operating Cost Accessories Cell Marketing Infrastructure Operating Cost Management Mobility Battery Life Operating Models Voice Quality Security Coverage Area Roaming Cell Radius Efficiency Privacy Size Weight Screen Size Color User Interface Screen Characteristics Antenna Audio Capabilities Style Design Form Function Affordability Customer Operator