2. In nature all things are recycled

3. Humans upset the cycles

4. What have you noticed? Food costs Transport Energy Costs Fish Weather More buildings

5. Food security Loss of Biodiversity Climate change Deforestation Desertification Research: Human impact on the environment Discuss what you understand these terms to mean

6. The atmosphere and climate change carbon dioxide emissions; - concept of ‘carbon footprint’ and the need to reduce the carbon footprint; - deforestation; - greenhouse effect and global warming: – desertification, drought and floods; - methane emissions; - ozone depletion.

7. http://www.vanderbilt.edu/sustainvu/2009/03/so-what-is- a-carbon-footprint-and-why-is-vanderbilt-calculating-one/

8. Carbon footprint: the amount of carbon dioxide or other carbon compounds emitted into the atmosphere by the activities of an individual, company, country.

9. Brainstorm what you can do to reduce your carbon footprint

10. Carbon dioxideWaterMethane Main greenhouse gases:

11. http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/kids/basic s/index.html

13. Desertification is a complex process involving multiple natural and human-related causes. In desertification, the productive potential of arid and semi-arid lands falls by 10% or more, and topsoil is lost or degraded. – Desertification results mainly from a combination of natural climate changes causing prolonged drought and unsustainable human activities, including overgrazing and deforestation. – Desertification may lead to the formation of a desert or the encroachment of an existing desert onto formerly arable land. Overgrazing on marginal lands (top) can extend desert zones (lower)

14. Effects of Climate Change

16. http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/kids/ Research what individuals, schools, communities and businesses can do to reduce climate change

17. Most household cleaning can be done with a half-and- half mixture of vinegar and water, or liquid soap and baking soda. Most household cleaning can be done with a half-and- half mixture of vinegar and water, or liquid soap and baking soda.

19. If it has a thermostat it uses a large amount of electricity. How can your family/school reduce its electricity consumption?

31. Not all SA’s have access to safe water. Investigate how human activity affects water quality and availability and suggest solutions

32. Water:Availability: Construction of dams - Destruction of wetlands - Poor farming practices - Droughts and floods - Exotic plantations and depletion of water table - Boreholes and effects on aquifers - Wastage - Cost of water

33. Water: Quality - Water for domestic use, industry, agriculture and mining: pollution, diseases, eutrophication and algal bloom. - The effect of mining on quality of water - Thermal pollution The need for water purification and recycling - Alien plants, e.g., Eichornia

37. Biodiversity is the degree of variation of life forms within a given species, ecosystem, biome, or an entire planet. Biodiversity is a measure of the health of ecosystems. Biodiversity is in part a function of climatelifespecies ecosystembiomeplanethealth of ecosystemsclimate

38. http://www.novamind.com/connect/nm_documents/285

40. http://www.eco-question.com/what-are-the-main-causes-of-biodiversity-loss

41. Loss of Biodiversity (the 6 th extinction) - habitat destruction: farming methods, e.g., overgrazing and monoculture, golf estates, mining, urbanisation, deforestation; loss of wetlands and grasslands; - poaching, e.g., for rhino horn, ivory and ‘bush meat’; - alien plant invasions: control using mechanical, chemical and biological methods; and - indigenous knowledge systems and the sustainable use of the environment e.g., devils’claw, rooibos, fynbos, the African potato (Hypoxis) and Hoodia.

42. Loss of Biodiversity (the 6 th extinction) Investigate: Rhino poaching in South Africa: read articles and make suggestions on how it can be prevented.

43. QUESTIONS.. Resource material from teaching biology.org