1. Power in the Data Center: Future Trends in Computer Efficiency Jon Haas Enterprise Marketing Group Intel Corporation May 2007

2. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. * Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. All products, dates, and figures are preliminary and are subject to change without any notice. Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. 2 Legal Disclaimers *Other names and brands may be claimed as property of others. System Configuration details in backup. Performance tests and ratings are measured using specific computer systems and/or components and reflect the approximate performance of Intel products as measured by those tests. Any difference in system hardware or software design or configuration may affect actual performance. Buyers should consult other sources of information to evaluate the performance of systems or components they are considering purchasing. For more information on performance tests and on the performance of Intel products, visit http://www.intel.com/performance/resources/limits.htm or call (U.S.) 1-800-628-8686 or 1-916-356-3104. All dates and products specified are for planning purposes only and are subject to change without notice. 64-bit computing on Intel architecture requires a computer system with a processor, chipset, BIOS, operating system, device drivers and applications enabled for Intel ® 64 architecture. Processors will not operate (including 32-bit operation) without an Intel ® 64 architecture-enabled BIOS. Performance will vary depending on your hardware and software configurations. Consult with your system vendor for more information. Relative performance for each benchmark is calculated by taking the actual benchmark result for the first platform tested and assigning it a value of 1.0 as a baseline. Relative performance for the remaining platforms tested was calculated by dividing the actual benchmark result for the baseline platform into each of the specific benchmark results of each of the other platforms and assigning them a relative performance number that correlates with the performance improvements reported. Performance per watt calculated as the benchmark result divided by the average system watts measured with an Extech* or like meter at the wall under “steady-state” load unless otherwise noted. SPECint2000 and SPECfp2000 benchmark tests reflect the performance of the microprocessor, memory architecture and compiler of a computer system on compute-intensive, 32-bit applications. SPEC benchmark tests results for Intel microprocessors are determined using particular, well-configured systems. These results may or may not reflect the relative performance of Intel microprocessor in systems with different hardware or software designs or configurations (including compilers). Buyers should consult other sources of information, including system benchmarks; to evaluate the performance of systems they are considering purchasing.

3. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. * Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. All products, dates, and figures are preliminary and are subject to change without any notice. Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. 3 Agenda Future Computing Demands Datacenter Computing Challenges Enterprise Computing: Quadcore, multi-core and beyond

4. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. * Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. All products, dates, and figures are preliminary and are subject to change without any notice. Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. 4 Moore’s Law Doubling the # of Transistors per chip about every 24 months 40 years of innovation Over 1 Billion transistors per chip Quad core is here Increased Performance and Density More functionality at roughly the same cost Multi-core and Threading Power efficiency Virtualization Reliability Security and manageability Doubling Performance Every 24months.

5. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. * Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. All products, dates, and figures are preliminary and are subject to change without any notice. Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. 5 Energy Efficient Performance Performance & Utilization Power & Costs 1H/2006: Dual Core Xeon 5100 (Woodcrest) 2x performance @ 40% less power 1H/2007: Quad-Core, Clovertown 2x Woodcrest in a single 5100 skt

6. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. * Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. All products, dates, and figures are preliminary and are subject to change without any notice. Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. 6 HPC Top500: An Example of Moore’s Law 19932017 10 PFlops 1 PFlops 100 TFlops 10 TFlops 1 TFlops 100 GFlops 10 GFlops 1 GFlops 100 MFlops 199920052011 #1 SUM Top500 1 Server Today is Yesterday’s top HPC Machine Typical Server 2006: Dual Processor = 50 GFlop 2007: Dual Processor = ~ 100 GFlop Source: HPC - www.top500.org, June 2006; PC - Intel

7. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. * Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. All products, dates, and figures are preliminary and are subject to change without any notice. Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. 7 Moore’s Law … Alive and Well in the Data Center 2002 3.7 TFlops 25 racks 512 Servers 1000 sq ft 128 kW 2007 3.7 TFlops 1 rack 53 Servers 40 sq ft 21 kW Where would YOU rather be?

8. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. * Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. All products, dates, and figures are preliminary and are subject to change without any notice. Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. 8 Data Center Trends Increasing power density and demand

9. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. * Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. All products, dates, and figures are preliminary and are subject to change without any notice. Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. 9 Eco-Regulation is Everywhere Mercury Ban Batteries WEEE RoHS Batteries Battery law 2000 2007 Lead ban, e-waste, and packaging law 27 states draft e- waste bills E-waste & packaging laws, Carbon- neutral E-waste Battery law E-waste, Dfe product & Packaging E-waste EuP REACH E-waste & Energy E-waste China RoHS Energy law Energy E-waste, RoHS, Packaging EPA: Energy Star, Carbon-emission reduction IPP 25 EU States – WEEE & RoHS RoHS study E-waste, RoHS Draft Dfe, Take-back, Packaging Draft RoHS, Battery

10. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. * Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. All products, dates, and figures are preliminary and are subject to change without any notice. Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. 10 Data Center Computing Challenges With increasing Computing densities how does the user determine what’s efficient? –Without the right metric and tools, users have to over provision based upon worst case estimates Individual companies have some of the tools for some of the pieces but where is the complete solutions approach? –The computing Industry sees the problem and is creating Forums to address this such as ASHRAE, ACEEE and The Green Grid… –Multi- step process. Measure, instrument and implement efficiency policies How can we provide incentives for users to deploy power efficiency solutions? –Increasing energy costs and Regional Utilities constraining Data Center expansion –PGE’s server efficiency rebate program is a good start. –Work with the Utilities to make it easy for customers to qualify for them. Industry, government and utilities work together to help end users deploy power efficiency solutions into the data center

11. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. * Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. All products, dates, and figures are preliminary and are subject to change without any notice. Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. 11 Datacenter Overview Chiller CW pump CRAC Cooling air to the Data Center Heat rejected to the outdoors Server Rack PDU VR 5V 3.3V 1~2V CPUs,Memory, Chip set, etc. HDD,Fans,I/O,etc. UPS AC/DC DC/AC PSU 12V DC/DC AC/DC The Data Center is comprised of 3 Major Subsystems. Should be Optimally Balanced for Best Operation Power Cooling BLDG PWR Input AC Compute

12. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. * Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. All products, dates, and figures are preliminary and are subject to change without any notice. Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. 12 Data Center Power by Category LoadsPower deliveryCooling Cumulative Power LoadChillerPSUVRsUPSServer fans CRAC fanPDUCW pumpTotal baseline 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% Power per component 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Cumulative power Understand the broad power usage

13. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. * Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. All products, dates, and figures are preliminary and are subject to change without any notice. Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. 13 Powering a Data Center BLDG PWR Server Rack PDU PSU VR 12V Loads AC/DC UPS AC/DC DC/AC Fans DC/DC 88% x 93% x 79% x 75% = 48% Cumulative inefficiencies are significant This model assumes 100% utilized load Todays Standard design 52% of power is lost in transmission

14. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. * Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. All products, dates, and figures are preliminary and are subject to change without any notice. Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. 14 The Effect of Efficient Airflow Management BEFORE Typical “room” cooling design, with poor hot air evacuation. Leads to overheated servers, damaged equipment and potential for service disruption. 4kw per cabinet is difficult to support. AFTER With proper airflow isolation design combined with balancing of under-floor static pressure, the same data center may now support 12- 14kw racks with no change to facilities infrastructure capacity. Hot air Contamination ‘vena contracta’ Isolation driving efficiency More density for the same power or Same density for less power

15. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. * Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. All products, dates, and figures are preliminary and are subject to change without any notice. Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. 15 Virtualization Saving Power Server Consolidation 10:1 in many cases HW HW HW VMM Disaster Recovery HW VMM HW VMM Upholding high-levels of business continuity. One Standby for many production servers. … OS App OS App OS App … OS App HW VMM HW VMM Balancing utilization with head room Dynamic Load Balancing OS App1 OS App2 OS App3 OS App4 CPU Usage 30% CPU Usage 90% CPU Usage Enables rapid deployment, reducing number of idle, staged servers R&D Production HW VMM OS App All scenarios make more efficient use of server hardware, which saves power in the data center. Consolidate

16. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. * Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. All products, dates, and figures are preliminary and are subject to change without any notice. Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. 16 An Industry Perspective Efficiency in Box Efficient Processor Designing Data Center Power Improved Consolidation Efficiency in Box Efficient Processor Designing Data Center Power Improved Consolidation Intelligent control of platform power consumption Enhanced levels of density Intelligent control of platform power consumption Enhanced levels of density Efficiency across Data Center Policy-based workload rebalancing Ultra efficient facilities Detailed Power Metering Efficiency across Data Center Policy-based workload rebalancing Ultra efficient facilities Detailed Power Metering Efficiency in Rack 2006 2010 Facilities and IT working together

17. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. * Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. All products, dates, and figures are preliminary and are subject to change without any notice. Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. 17 The Green Grid Industry and user organization focused on Energy Efficient Data Centers and Enterprise IT Launched April 26 th with 11 companies AMD, APC, Dell, HP, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, Rackable Systems, SprayCool, Sun Microsystems, and VMware Now at 40+ companies. Mission Statement: A global consortium dedicated to advancing energy efficiency in data centers and business computing ecosystems. In furtherance of its mission, the Green Grid, in consultation with end-users, will: - Define meaningful, end-user-centric models and metrics; - Develop standards, measurement methods, processes and new technologies to improve performance against the defined metrics; and - Promote the adoption of the energy efficient standards, processes, measurements and technologies. Intel sees a need for industry collaboration Metrics, best practices and technology specs for energy efficiency To Join the Green Grid: www.thegreengrid.org * Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.

18. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. * Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. All products, dates, and figures are preliminary and are subject to change without any notice. Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. 18 Intel Breakthrough Technologies: Increasing Business Value IT Value Business Value Time Dynamic Resource Pooling Quad-core Virtualization Multi-Core, Ethernet Advances VTD, VT2 Data Intensive Computing Quad-core, IBA QuickData, 10GBE Itanium architecture Geneseo Multi-core / Multi-threaded XML Acceleration PCIe gen 2 Core™ μArch Data Center Optimization Core μArch Quad-core @ 80W Demand Based Switching

19. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. * Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. All products, dates, and figures are preliminary and are subject to change without any notice. Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. 19 2 YEARS 65nm 45nm 2 YEARS 32nm Cadence for Product Innovation Tock Intel ® Core™ microarchitecture Tick 45nm Next Generation Intel ® Core™ microarchitecture (Penryn) Tock Next Generation Intel ® microarchitecture (NEHALEM) Tick Future Derivative Product Tock Future Intel ® microarchitecture (GESHER) Tick Intel ® Pentium™ 4 processors

20. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. * Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. All products, dates, and figures are preliminary and are subject to change without any notice. Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. 20 Call to Action      Recognize that the data center and the IT Equipment are becoming an integrated system Leverage industry organizations, such as the Green Grid and ASHRAE for Data Center Best Practices Remove the wall between IT and Facilities, partnerships must be in place to be successful Demand and buy IT equipment that uses high efficiency components  Design data center facilities systems to use energy efficient designs in power delivery and cooling And, enjoy the benefits of Moore’s Law! Understand data center metrics and optimize the right ones