1. CPDLC / ADS Introduction 4/22/2017 12:49 AM
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2. Agenda 1. CPDLC / ADS Introduction 2. CPDLC
3. CPDLC Operations Fundamentals
4. ADS C
5. Contingencies
Here are the topics for this module.

3. Definitions
CNS / ATM – Communications Navigation & Surveillance / Air Traffic Management
CPDLC – Controller Pilot Data Link Communications
Augments verbal ATC instructions and pilots read-backs & automates ATC processes
ADS C – Automatic Dependent Surveillance Contract
Gives accurate position reporting
Allows additional data reporting (wind, temperature etc)
Provides reporting in regions out of radar coverage
Increases traffic that can be handled in remote areas
AFN – ATS Facilities Notification
Allows logon to ATC facility (Data Authority) & the transfer of control
PBN – Performance Based Navigation
These are some of the acronyms related to CPDLC and ADS. We will start off with a look at how CPDLC and ADS fit into the “big picture”.

4. Going Systemic ICAO Headquarters CNS ATM
I think we’re on to something here boys. We’re going systemic and control the world.
CNS ATM
ICAO Headquarters
CPDLC and ADS are pieces of ICAO’s bigger plan to take over the world.

5. CNS How they fit Communication Navigation Surveillance PBN ADS CPDLC
The "C", the "N", and the "S" from the CNS equation stand for "Communication, Navigation, and Surveillance". There are several components that fit into each of these categories, This module covers CPDLC and ADS.

6. CPDLC vs. ADS The CPDLC function supports: The ADS function supports:
(a) Emergency alerting,
(b) Uplink of ATC clearances and instruction,
(c) Downlink of position reports and clearance requests, and
(d) Free text as a supplement to preformatted elements.
(a) Emergency alerting, and
(b) Automatic reporting by the aircraft’s Flight Management System (FMS) of aircraft position and intent information in accordance with parameters established in contracts by the ground system.
CPDLC and ADS have different functions. CPDLC is used for general communications with ATC. ADS C is primarily used for automatic position reporting. We will first look at CPDLC.

7. CPDLC Introduction
CPDLC is a powerful tool to sustain data link communications between a pilot and the controller of the relevant flight region. It is particularly adapted to such areas where voice communications are difficult (e.g. HF voice over oceans or remote part of the world), and is expected to become very convenient to alleviate congested VHF of some busy TMAs when utilized for routine dialogue (e.g. frequency transfer).

8. Maintain Own Separation
CPDLC Communications
When Can We Expect?
Maintain Own Separation
Mayday Mayday
Do to Performance
Request Crz Clb
Due to Weather
At Pilot Disc
CPDLC consists in the exchange of messages, which can be formed by the use of individual (or combination) elements chosen within a set of internationally agreed preformatted ATC words. You also have a free texting capability.

9. Data Link Overview Types of Data Link: ATC Data link Company Data link
Exchange requests & text messages
Clearances, reporting points, climbs/descents requests etc.
ADS periodic and event reporting
Company Data link
Airline Operation Communication or AOC data link (Universal Weather)
ACMS Data link
Maintenance
N767A
CPDLC uses data link. Data link is a general term for digital data transfer between the airplane and various ground stations. Different data link names are based on where given information is sent to or received from.

10. ACARS Overview ACARS Company Data link example
More information about ACARS and the Data link types are found in the FCOM: Sections 5.20, 5.40, and
Universal Weather
ACARS Company Data link example
ACARS is a system on the airplane to transmit and receive the data link information. ACARS communicates incoming and outgoing data and messages through the center VHF radio or SATCOM system. The information can be automatically or manually controlled.

11. Data link Access
You use the Computer Display Unit for both ATC and company data link. The menu and FMC COMM switches allow you to access the company data links.

12. ATC Key
Logon/Status page if a CPDLC connection has not been established with an ATC Center.
ATC Uplink page if there is a new uplink message to be reviewed.
Log page if there are more than one new uplink message or more than one open uplink message.
Holding the ATC key down displays the Emergency Report page.
Pushing the ATC key displays one of four pages.

13. ATC Index
Note the pages that come up when selecting the ATC key can also be accessed through the ATC index page, except for ATC uplink.

14. Emergency Report
The emergency report page alerts ATC of an emergency onboard the aircraft. Sending this report automatically places Automatic Dependent Surveillance (ADS) into the emergency mode if MAYDAY was selected.

15. ATC Request
ATC request allows the entry of altitude, speed, and offset direction and distance requests.

16. ATC Report
The ATC Report page lists required reports requested by ATC.

17. Clearances that Require a Report
Some ATC uplinks request a report. When you accept the clearance, an ATC report is automatically generated.

18. Automatic Reporting
Some requests, such as report reaching, report level and report passing can be armed to automatically send the report. An ARM prompt appears when you accept the request. Selecting ARM automatically sends the report when the condition is met.

19. Make sure there are no messages left OPEN
ATC Log
Make sure there are no messages left OPEN
Once you look at a message, the status changes to either OLD or OPEN depending on whether a response is required or not.
This message required a response and ACCEPTED was sent.
The ATC log displays the beginning of stored uplink and downlink messages, with the most recent on the top. The Log erases automatically after flight completion.

20. The Logon/status has 2 pages
Logon / Status pages
The Logon/status has 2 pages
Allows the emergency on/off and arming capability for ADS.
Initiates data link connection with the desired ATC facility.
You use the logon/status pages to initially logon and verify station connection.

21. Position Report
The position report key takes you to the position report page of the FMC. Notice that when Datalink is connected to a station, you can also send a position report to ATC.

22. When Can We Expect
The When can we expect page allows you access to standardized requests.

23. Free Text
You use the Free Text Page to create and send a free text message to the controller.

24. Clearance Note: This function is not currently being used.
The clearance page notifies ATC of readiness to accept a clearance, such as a pre-departure or pushback clearance.

25. Voice
The voice page notifies ATC that you request voice contact from the controller.

26. Long Term Data Link Com Failure
Revert to voice communications and notify ATC of the situation.
If you lose the connection and it has not been restored after a continuous period of 16 minutes, the message ATC COMM TERMINATED will be displayed and the link with ATC will be lost. The FMC data link status will show NO COMM during this time.

27. CPDLC Operations Fundamentals
Handling of CPDLC messages requires time:
Reading and interpreting a written clearance was found to be less immediate than hearing the same one
Preparing and sending a request through the CDU is longer than directly using the mike
The party line is lost (the pilot can no longer listen to the surrounding transmissions)
radio
datalink
Communicating via data link brings new challenges.

28. Crew Resource Management Considerations
When data link messages replace normal voice communications, it is important that both pilots silently and independently read any uplink message.
Pilots should then discuss and evaluate the message for appropriate action.
Likewise, any downlink message should first be selected and assembled and then verified by both pilots before sending to ATC.
Looks good
You OK with it
Like all other tasks, data link operations require CRM skills.

29. Communication Philosophy
Voice and data link are complementary modes of communication.
Select the most appropriate mode for each situation.
Data link is designed for routine messages including ATC clearances, position reports, and flight plans.
In non-routine circumstances, or when safety or complexity are factors, voice (SATCOM, HF, or VHF) may be the preferred mode of communication.
Flight crew responsibilities are identical using either voice or data link.
The pilot communicating is responsible for all communication related duties.
CPDLC communication is not intended to be as fast a means of (tactical) communication as voice. It is designed to pass routine (strategic) messages, where time is not an essential factor.

30. Communicating with ATC
HF voice capability still remains a requirement and must be monitored even when CPDLC is being used for position reports and clearances. Operators must comply with the voice communications procedures associated with CPDLC.
Communications initiated with ATS by voice should be completed by voice and communications initiated by CPDLC should be completed, whenever possible, by CPDLC.
Voice contact is not replaced by data link. Data link augments voice and should be used when available, but voice contact should always be an option.

31. ADS Contract = Reporting
Position Reporting
Emergency Reporting
ADS provides surveillance capability in oceanic and en-route continental airspace. It replaces verbal position reporting in areas where non-radar separation is currently applied. ADS establishes contracts between ground systems and an airplane. An ADS contract is a reporting plan that establishes the requirements for ADS data reporting and the frequency of the reports.

32. Automatic Dependent Surveillance (ADS)
ADS can send normal position reports and also signal an emergency condition.
The ADS function defaults to the armed state on powering up the system. You only have limited interaction ability with ADS – C, the function can be manually turned on or off as can the ADS Emergency Mode.

33. Automatic Position Reporting
Page two of the ATC LOGON/STATUS displays active when ADS is connected to the ATS facility. Normally, position reports happen automatically when ADS is connected. If ADS is not connected you need to manually send position reports.

34. Manually Sending Position Report
Logged on
Not logged on
If the ADS connection is not active, then you can manually send a position report to ATC whenever a Data link connection exists.

35. Required Manual Position Report
Even when ADS is connected, there are a few instances when you need to manually send ATC a position report.

36. Contingency Operations using CPDLC
Normally, during an emergency you immediately revert to voice communications. However, in certain situations, it may be more expeditious to first declare an emergency using the Emergency Report page. You use the Emergency Report page to generate the report, You use the Verify Emergency page to send it.

37. ADS Emergency ADS-C active (non-radar environment) Radar Environment
You use the ADS EMERG function to indicate an emergency condition to ATC. This function is operationally equivalent to squawking 7700 when in radar coverage.

38. ADS Emergency Selection: 2 Ways
Manually Select ADS EMERG
Automatically Selected from Emergency Report
If ADS EMERG is manually selected, then the only indication presented to controllers is that an emergency situation exists. Unlike an SSR squawk, there is no capability to differentiate between a Hijacking, a Radio Fail, or a Mayday. So there is a protocol to verify the intent.

39. ADS Emergency Mode
Hey, I think I’ve got this ATC datalink stuff figured out
What are you doing?
It’s hard to say how it happened, but the ADS is now in emergency mode.

40. CONFIRM SPEED CONFIRM ADS
Could be trouble
If ATC receives an ADS emergency indication without any other CPDLC, SSR code, or voice confirmation of an emergency situation, they will immediately check for covert activation by either CPDLC or voice using the routine message CONFIRM SPEED and the words "CONFIRM ADS".

41. Oops ADS EMERG is OFF ADS EMERG is ON A-D-S Reset
ON & OFF toggles with each switch push
ADS EMERG is OFF
ADS EMERG is ON
On receipt of this CPDLC or voice message, check the status of the ADS Emergency Mode. If the mode has been selected to ON accidentally, then select the "ADS Emergency Off" prompt and notify ATC by either voice or CPDLC free text (as appropriate), of the new status by using the words "ADS RESET".

42. Houston We Have a Problem
Uh oh!
ADS Emerg is ON
If you deliberately and covertly selected the ADS Emergency Mode to ON, then reply to the CONFIRM SPEED uplink and leave the ADS Emergency Mode in the ON position.

43. Alert
If the aircraft continues with the ADS emergency mode activated ATC will assume that the aircraft is in emergency conditions and will follow normal alerting procedures.

44. Contingency Summary
You can find this information in the reference manual titled “Guidance Material for ATS Data Link Services in North Atlantic Airspace”.

45. What is the ADS Emergency function used for?
Select the best answer
ADS emergency sends an emergency position report to ATC
ADS emergency is equivalent to squawking 7700 when in a non radar environment and ADS is active
ADS emergency sends Mayday Mayday to ATC
You use ADS emergency to signal an engine failure while in RVSM / MNPS airspace

46. It is not necessary to monitor the radios when CPDLC is active.
Select the correct answer
True
False

47. Which display indicates that ADS EMERG is ON?
Select the correct answer

48. Select the best statement regarding clearances received using CPDLC ?
Select the best answer
CPDLC is expected to become very convenient to alleviate congested VHF of some busy TMAs because it is quicker for pilots to understand clearances
CPDLC allows quicker acceptances of clearances because only pilot is required to monitor CPDLC messages
CPDLC is superior to voice clearances because digital data moves very fast
Handling of CPDLC messages require time: Reading and interpreting a written clearance is less immediate than hearing the same one

49. Module Complete
Can’t wait to figure out how the needs analysis impacted the human factors issue of CPDLC design and how this will affect the airspace… Or maybe I’ll just go workout.