2. Human Development: Major Issues Nature/Nurture –Genes/Environment Continuity/Discontinuity –Stage Theorists: Piaget, Kohlberg, Erikson Stability/Change –Born Outgoing, Always Outgoing?

4. Piaget’s Theory-Cognitive Dev. Stage Theory Organization –Sensorimotor period: Birth -2 Schemas Assimilation/Accommodation –Categorization/ClassificationCategorization/Classification Object Permanence Rooting Reflex (physical) Circular reaction reflexivity  non reflexive motions (physical) Visual Cliff- Perceptual Depth The infant interacts with the world thru sensory and motor activities.

5. Schemas & Stranger Anxiety

7. Infancy: Cognitive Development Preferences for faces Visual Cliff experiments

8. Preoperational Stage (ages 2-7) Egocentrism –Collective monologue Symbol Acquisition-language Pretend Play/Social Learning Theory The child represents objects with words and mental images

9. Pretend Play – Jack & Mason

10. Concrete Operational (ages 7-11) Reversibility- puppy  lab, lab  puppy Conservation- matter doesn’t increase/decrease because it changes form.Conservation- The child shows more logical thinking. Mathematical transformations Child can think logically about concrete events.

11. Formal Operational (ages 11 & up) Abstract thinking emerges Hypothetical thinking emerges –Concrete objects no longer need to be present Metacognition Can take others’ perspectives/imaginary audience Thinking through hypotheses Not all adolescents/adults achieve formal operational thinking.

12. Thought in Childhood and Adolescence Child Adolescent Limited to what is Considers possibilities Limited to present Considers abstract concepts and ideas Haphazard testing Planned testing Own view Perspective of others