1. Unit 3
Baby’s First Year

2. 7. 1 infant growth and development
Growth- changes in size such as weight and length
Development- increases and changes in physical, emotion, social or intellectual skills
Developmental milestone- a key skill used to check a child’s progress

3. Environment
Stimulating environment: baby has a wide variety of things to see, taste, smell, hear and touch
Stimulating environment babies make more brain connections
Lacking environment results in weaker brain connections
language

4. Growth during the 1st year
From birth to age 1 infants typically triple their birth weight
Lose 10% birth weight in first 5 days then gain
Average 1 year old weighs 20-22lbs
Increase length by 50%
Growth chart- shows average weight and height of girls and boys at various ages

5. Patterns of Physical Development
Head to Foot
Begins in prenatal development
head movement before walking
Near to Far
Close to the body and moves outward
Arms then fingers
Simple to Complex
Head control, rolling, reaching, crawling, walking
Talking, reading, writing

6. Senses Vision Hearing Touch Smell Taste
Blurry then can see 7-10 inches away by 1 week
1 month can see up to 3 feet away
6 months eyesight reaches that of an adult
Only see 2D until second month
Patterns and colors of high contrast-red and blue
Hearing
Develops before birth
Touch
Prefer warm and soft
Smell
Does not develop until after birth
Within 10 days can distinguish mother from others
Taste
Prefer sweet

7. Developmental Milestones
First month
Lifts head and turns from side to side
Reacts to parents voice
Second month
Watches objects move
Makes babble sounds
Third month
Open and close hands
Lifts head and chest when on stomach

8. Fourth month Fifth month Sixth month Grasps rattle Puts hands in mouth
Rolls from tummy to back
Fifth month
Turns head in direction of sound
Knows happy speech from unhappy speech
Sixth month
Passes object from one hand to the other
Puts objects in mouth

9. Seventh month Eighth month Ninth month Rolls over both ways
Sits up steadily
Stands with assistance
Eighth month
Pulls self up
Bangs blocks together
Ninth month
Uses index finger to poke
Puts objects in containers

10. Tenth month Eleventh month Twelfth month Crawls Imitates new sounds
Walks while holding onto furniture
Grasps with thumb and forefinger
Uses gestures
Twelfth month
Walk a few steps alone
Stands alone
Holds and drinks from cup

11. Physical Development
Gross motor skills- skill that involves the large muscles of the body
Fine motor skills- involves the smaller muscles of the body

12. 7.2 Caring for an Infant Sleeping Clothing
Place infant on their back when sleeping
Newborns sleep up to 20hrs a day- decreases to 12 by 1 year
Clothing
Babies lose heat quickly as are also sensitive to overheating
Dress baby in 1 more layer than an older child or adult would wear
Clothing size is determined by weight and age

13. Feeding Breast milk or formula Burp baby during and after feeding
Introduce solid foods around 4-6 months
Weaning off bottle to cup around 9-12 months
Self feeding when they can sit up
Allergies
malnutrition

14. Infant Safety Concerns
Choking
Suffocation
Water
Falls
Poisoning
Burns
Sun
Animals
Check-ups
Newborn, months 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12
immunizations

15. 7.3 infant health and wellness
Cradle cap- skin condition known for yellowish, crusty patches on the scalp
Diaper rash- patches of rough, red, irritated skin in diaper area
Teething- process of teeth pushing through the gums

16. 8.1 Emotional Development
Emotional development- process of learning to recognize and express feelings and to establish a personal identity
Failure to thrive- condition in which babies do not grow and develop properly. Do not respond to people and objects.
Can be caused by neglect, abuse or another form of stress
Can fail to thrive if they do not have a stimulating environment

17. Crying Crying is the way infants express emotion 4 basic cries Hungry
Rhythmic rise and fall-demanding
Pain
Loud gasps-shrieks
Bored
Low pitched-increases when ignored
Angry
Loud-demanding

18. Uncontrollable Crying
Colic- uncontrollable crying by an otherwise healthy baby
Difficult-impossible to comfort
Usually ends around 3-4 months
Gas, lactose intolerance, breast feeding
Reflux –partially digested food rises in the throat
Forceful vomitting

19. Parents Responsibilities
Parent/caregiver responding to an infants cry is a vital part of emotional nurturing
Help baby to learn to trust and bond (AKA attachment)
Learning trust vs. mistrust, Erikson’s psychosocial development
Healthy attachment develops trust, self-esteem, social and emotional development

20. Understanding Temperament
How a baby reacts to others and the world
Nine different traits-each child has each trait to a greater or lesser degree
Intensity
How strong or weak are a child’s emotional responses to events
Persistence
How determined is a child to complete an action
Sensitivity
How strongly does a child react to his or her feelings

21. Perceptiveness Adaptability Regularity Activity Approach Mood
How aware of all that is around them
Adaptability
How easily do they accept change
Regularity
Does their behavior follow regular patterns
Activity
What is child’s energy level
Approach
How they face new situations
Mood
Cheerful or cranky

22. 8.2 Social Development of Infants
Social development- process of learning how to interact and express oneself with others
Closely related to emotional development
Learning through cause and effect
Learning through imitation
Social development through exploration

23. Social Developmental Milestones
1 month
Coos and babbles
2-3 months
Begins to smile and show excitement
4-6 months
Laughs, squeals, babbles
May cry when left alone
7-8 months
Tries to imitate sounds
begins to experience stranger anxiety
9-10 months
Enjoys playing peek-a-boo
11-12 months
Spends time looking in mirrors

24. 9.1 Early Brain Development
At birth, the brain has billion of neurons
a nerve cell
In response to experiences, babies’ brains immediately begin to develop links between neurons called neural pathways
These pathways “wire” the brain so that it can control different body functions and thinking processes

25. Parts of the brain
Brain divided into sections which control specific functions
Cerebrum
Speech, memory, problem solving
Cortex- growth permits more complex learning
Thalamus
Sensory information from other parts to the cortex
Pituitary gland
Secrete hormones that control growth, metabolism, and sexual development
Brain stem
Involuntary activities- breathing, heart rate, blood pressure
Spinal cord
Transmits info from body to brain and vice versa
Cerebellum
Muscular coordination and balance

26. How the brain works Neurons are connected by axons
On the end of neurons there are dendrites

27. 9.2 intellectual development
Signs of intellectual growth
Remembering experiences
Making associations
Understanding cause and effect
Paying attention

28. Sensorimotor period Piaget’s first stage of learning
Babies learn through their senses
Learn object permanence – concept that objects will continue to exist even when they are out of sight- 10 months

29. 9.3 Helping Infants Learn Communication Sign language
As early as 6 months
Enhances language development
Learning to speak
Babies must learn to associate meanings with words
Caregivers should constantly talk to infant
Understandable words between 8-15 months
Reading teaches speech

30. Importance of play Essential to development Choosing toys Usefulness
Safety