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Yi Qiang Duke University for the Workshop on Hadron Physics in China and Opportunities with 12 GeV JLab July 31, 2009 7/31/2009 1 Neutron Transversity.

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Presentation on theme: "Yi Qiang Duke University for the Workshop on Hadron Physics in China and Opportunities with 12 GeV JLab July 31, 2009 7/31/2009 1 Neutron Transversity."— Presentation transcript:

1 Yi Qiang Duke University for the Workshop on Hadron Physics in China and Opportunities with 12 GeV JLab July 31, 2009 7/31/2009 1 Neutron Transversity in Jefferson Lab Hall A

2 Yi Qiang Outline Overview of leading twist TMDs Jefferson Lab Experiment E06-010 First neutron Transversity experiment Experimental configuration Polarized 3 He target Detector performance Future plan and impact 7/31/2009 2 Neutron Transversity in Jefferson Lab Hall A

3 Yi Qiang Nucleon Structure from DIS Un-polarized Nucleon Structure Function Longitudinal Momentum Distribution Well probed for 50 years over very large kinematics range Longitudinal Polarized Nucleon Structure Functions Since “spin crisis” in 1980s Plotted in fairly large range Transversity: Can be probed in Semi-Inclusive DIS New business: recent measurements from HERMES and COMPASS using Hydrogen and Deuteron targets 7/31/2009 Neutron Transversity in Jefferson Lab Hall A 3 f 1 =g 1 = h 1 =

4 Yi Qiang Quark polarization Un-Polarized Longitudinally Polarized Transversely Polarized Nucleon Polarization U L T Blue: k T independent; Red: T-odd Leading Twist TMDs 7/31/2009 Neutron Transversity in Jefferson Lab Hall A 4 f 1 = f 1T  = g 1 = g 1T = h1 =h1 = h 1L  = h 1T  = h 1 =

5 Yi Qiang S L, S T : Target Polarization; e : Beam Polarization Access Leading Twist Parton Distributions through Semi-Inclusive DIS 7/31/2009 Neutron Transversity in Jefferson Lab Hall A 5 Unpolarized Polarized Target Polarized Beam and Target Boer-Mulder Sivers Transversity Pretzelosity

6 Yi Qiang Transversity from JLab Hall A Linear accelerator provides continuous polarized electron beam E beam = 6 GeV P beam = 85% 3 experimental halls 7/31/2009 Neutron Transversity in Jefferson Lab Hall A 6 A B C

7 Yi Qiang E06-010 Collaboration E06-010: Single Target-Spin Asymmetry in Semi-Inclusive n ↑ (e, e’  ± ) Reaction on a Transversely Polarized 3 He Target Spokespersons: Xiaodong Jiang (Rutgers/Los Alamos, Contact Person), Jian-ping Chen (JLab), Evaristo Cisbani (INFN-Rome), Haiyan Gao (Duke), Jen-Chieh Peng (UIUC) Thesis Students: C. Dutta (Kentucky), J. Huang (MIT), A. Kalyan (Kentucky), J. Katich (W&M), X. Qian (Duke), Y. Wang (UIUC), Y. Zhang (Lanzhou U) Approved with A rating and was just finished in early February, 2009. 7/31/2009 Neutron Transversity in Jefferson Lab Hall A 7

8 Yi Qiang Polarized 3 He Target E06-010 Setup Electron beam: E = 5.9 GeV 40 cm polarized 3 He target BigBite at 30 degrees as electron arm: P = 0.7 ~ 1.8 GeV/c HRSL at 16 degrees as hadron arm: P 0 = 2.35 GeV/c Measure Collins, Sivers and pretzelosity asymmetries in valence range: x = 0.1 ~ 0.4 7/31/2009 Neutron Transversity in Jefferson Lab Hall A 8 e  HRS L 16 o  e’e’ BigBite 30 o

9 Yi Qiang Rotate target spin direction to increase  s coverage Separation of Collins, Sivers and Pretzelosity effects through angular dependence 7/31/2009 Neutron Transversity in Jefferson Lab Hall A 9 Sivers Transversity Pretzelosity Vertical Horizontal

10 Yi Qiang Polarized 3 He Target Effective polarized neutron target High luminosity: L(n) = 10 36 cm -2 s -1 Fast spin exchange with K/Rb hybrid cells 7/31/2009 Neutron Transversity in Jefferson Lab Hall A 10 ~90% ~8% ~1.5% Laser 795 nm 25 G Holding Field Oven 230 o C  = 3” 40 cm Target Chamber

11 Yi Qiang Target Setup for Transversity New vertical coil together with existing horizontal coils and new oven allow 3 He to be polarized in ALL three directions! 7/31/2009 Neutron Transversity in Jefferson Lab Hall A 11 New narrow band COMET lasers make optical pumping more efficient. 3 He spin pumped to horizontal and vertical directions. Auto spin flip every 20 minutes.

12 Yi Qiang NMR: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Free NMR at pumping chamber from every auto spin flip. Target chamber polarization is calibrated by Water NMR measurement. EPR: Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Got signal from both K and Rb. Measures pumping chamber polarization. 3 He Target Polarimetries 7/31/2009 Neutron Transversity in Jefferson Lab Hall A 12 EPR Water NMR

13 Yi Qiang Online preliminary EPR/NMR analysis shows a stable 65% polarization with 15  A beam and 20 minute spin flip Cell: Astral Cell: Maureen Target Performance 7/31/2009 Neutron Transversity in Jefferson Lab Hall A 13

14 Yi Qiang BigBite Spectrometer 30 degrees to the beam right Detect electrons A big bite of acceptance  64 msr P : 700 ~ 1800 MeV/c 3 Wire Chambers: 18 planes Optics is crucial for the angular dependence separation and kinematics variables Pre-Shower and Shower for electron PID 7/31/2009 Neutron Transversity in Jefferson Lab Hall A 14

15 Yi Qiang BigBite Optics Optics for both negative and positive charged particles have been done Wire Chamber Spatial Resolution: 180  m Vertex Resolution: 1 cm Angular Resolution: < 10 mrad Momentum Resolution: 1% 7/31/2009 Neutron Transversity in Jefferson Lab Hall A 15 BigBite Sieve Slit

16 Yi Qiang Electron Selection in BigBite Pre-shower/Shower have been calibrated Energy Resolution: 8% Well separated electrons and pions 7/31/2009 Neutron Transversity in Jefferson Lab Hall A 16

17 Yi Qiang Cherenkov Ring from RICH Cherenkov Ring from RICH 4  Separation Left High Resolution Spectrometer 16 degrees to beam left with p 0 = 2.35 GeV/c Clean e/  separation with Gas Cherenkov and Pion Rejector Vertex and TOF coincidence with BigBite will help reduce the background Kaon asymmetry data can also be extracted: A1: Pion rejection > 90 % RICH: K/  separation ~ 4  TOF: K/  separation ~ 4  7/31/2009 Neutron Transversity in Jefferson Lab Hall A 17 e  Coincidence Time  < 400 ps  K p  K

18 Yi Qiang Kinematics Coverage 7/31/2009 Neutron Transversity in Jefferson Lab Hall A 18 y Q2Q2 W’ z x 0.6 ~ 0.9 0.6 ~ 3 (GeV/c) 2 1.5 ~ 2.3 (GeV/c 2 ) 0.4 ~ 0.6 x<0.25 x>0.25 Sivers Angle:  h -  s Collins Angle:  h +  s Pretzelosity Angle: 3  h -  s 00.250.5

19 Yi Qiang Projections of Collins and Sivers Functions 7/31/2009 Neutron Transversity in Jefferson Lab Hall A 19

20 Yi Qiang Projections of g 1T First Neutron ( 3 He) Measurement With Fast Beam Helicity Flip (30Hz) Projected Uncertainties (Stat. Only): 2.3% at low x 3.4% at high x 7/31/2009 Neutron Transversity in Jefferson Lab Hall A 20

21 Yi Qiang Status of E06-010 The experiment was smoothly performed from Oct 2008 to Feb 2009. Statistics exceeded the approved goal. Detector calibrations and target analysis are ongoing. Will start to extract physical asymmetries afterwards. 7/31/2009 Neutron Transversity in Jefferson Lab Hall A 21

22 Yi Qiang Future Plan and Impact Finish all the data quality check, detector calibration and target analysis by Sep 2009. Extract raw asymmetries: witness channel, blind analysis and then raw physics asymmetry by Nov 2009. Apply other corrections: dilution factor, background asymmetry correction, radiative correction and etc. Final asymmetries separation: Collins, Sivers … The results from this experiment will provide important constraints on the TMDs of u, d and s quarks in the valence quark region when combined with world data. The experience obtained will greatly help us to plan the future SIDIS experiments. 7/31/2009 Neutron Transversity in Jefferson Lab Hall A 22

23 Yi Qiang 7/31/2009 23 Neutron Transversity in Jefferson Lab Hall A

24 Yi Qiang 7/31/2009 Neutron Transversity in Jefferson Lab Hall A 24

25 Yi Qiang E06-010 Collaboration Institutions California State Univ., Duke Univ., Florida International. Univ., Univ. Illinois, JLab, Univ. Kentucky, LANL, Univ. Maryland, Univ. Massachusetts, MIT, Old Dominion Univ., Rutgers Univ., Temple Univ., Penn State Univ., Univ. Virginia, College of William & Mary, Univ. Sciences & Tech, China Inst. Of Atomic Energy, Beijing Univ., Seoul National Univ., Univ. Glasgow, INFN Roma and Univ. Bari, Univ. of Ljubljana, St. Mary’s Univ., Tel Aviv Univ. Collaboration members A.Afanasev, K. Allada, J. Annand, T. Averett, F. Benmokhtar, W. Bertozzi, F. Butaru, G. Cates, C. Chang, J.-P. Chen (Co-SP), W. Chen, S. Choi, C. Chudakov, E. Cisbani(Co-SP), E. Cusanno, R. De Leo, A. Deur, C. Dutta, D. Dutta, R. Feuerbach, S. Frullani, L. Gamberg, H. Gao(Co-SP), F. Garibaldi, S. Gilad, R. Gilman, C. Glashausser, J. Gomez, M. Grosse-Perdekamp, D. Higinbotham, T. Holmstrom, D. Howell, J. Huang, M. Iodice, D. Ireland, J. Jansen, C. de Jager, X. Jiang (Co-SP), Y. Jiang, M. Jones, R. Kaiser, A. Kalyan, A. Kelleher, J. Kellie, J. Kelly, A. Kolarkar, W. Korsch, K. Kramer, E. Kuchina, G. Kumbartzki, L. Lagamba, J. LeRose, R. Lindgren, K. Livingston, N. Liyanage, H. Lu, B. Ma, M. Magliozzi, N. Makins, P. Markowitz, Y. Mao, S. Marrone, W. Melnitchouk, Z.-E. Meziani, R. Michaels, P. Monaghan, S. Nanda, E. Nappi, A. Nathan, V. Nelyubin, B. Norum, K. Paschke, J. C. Peng(Co-SP), E. Piasetzky, M. Potokar, D. Protopopescu, X. Qian, Y. Qiang, B. Reitz, R. Ransome, G. Rosner, A. Saha, A. Sarty, B. Sawatzky, E. Schulte, S. Sirca, K. Slifer, P. Solvignon, V. Sulkosky, P. Ulmer, G. Urciuoli, K. Wang, Y. Wang, D. Watts, L. Weinstein, B. Wojtsekhowski, H. Yao, H. Ye, Q. Ye, Y. Ye, J. Yuan, X. Zhan, Y. Zhang, X. Zheng, S. Zhou. 7/31/2009 Neutron Transversity in Jefferson Lab Hall A 25

26 Yi Qiang Fermi Lab E704: p ↑ p→  X at 400 GeV 7/31/2009 Neutron Transversity in Jefferson Lab Hall A 26

27 Yi Qiang 7/31/2009 Neutron Transversity in Jefferson Lab Hall A 27

28 Yi Qiang 7/31/2009 Neutron Transversity in Jefferson Lab Hall A 28

29 Yi Qiang 7/31/2009 Neutron Transversity in Jefferson Lab Hall A 29

30 Yi Qiang 7/31/2009 Neutron Transversity in Jefferson Lab Hall A 30

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