1. The Agricultural revolutions that have occurred have had a significant impact upon humans. For EACH of the following revolutions describe the following: –a location where this revolution occurred –one principal practice/technology associated with the revolution –one effect that the revolution had upon the cultural landscape First Agricultural Revolution Second Agricultural Revolution Green Revolution

2. Modern commercial agriculture has gone through significant changes in the last 40 years in America. Identify two changes to American agriculture in the last 40 years. Discuss two negative effects of the changes. Discuss two positive effects of the changes

4. A house full of daughters is like a cellar full of sour beer. -- Dutch Proverb They who are full of sin beget only daughters. --Hindu Proverb A stupid son is better than a crafty daughter. --Chinese Proverb Two daughters and a back door are three errant thieves. -- English Proverb A virtuous son is the sun of his family. --Sanskrit Proverb

5. Gender-Related Development Index 4 factors similar to the HDI 1.Economic: average income 2. Social Indicators: -literacy levels -education (school attendance) 3. Demographic: Life expectancy

6. Gender Empowerment Measure How is it measured? The GEM demonstrates the ability of women to participate and determine the power structure of a country 2 Economic indicators: -% of women in professional and technical jobs -income level 2 Political indicators: -% of women in admin or managerial jobs -% of women holding elected positions

7. GDI and GEM of an MDC: Sweden 2 0.946 82.5 77.5 100 100 124 104 23,781 28,700 - 2 0.854 45.3 31 50 0.83 When comparing Nepal and China to Sweden, what differences can you detect?

8. Development Strategies

9. Self-Sufficiency Countries promote self-sufficiency by using the following three barriers: –High taxes on imported goods. –Affixed quotas to limit the possibility of imported goods. –Requirement of license to restrict the number of legal importers. Elements of Self-Sufficiency Approach

10. Self-Sufficiency Inefficiency – Large Bureaucracy - Problems with Self-Sufficiency

11. International Trade Some countries have natural resources that are attractive to other countries. Some countries are successful because they can produce high quality products for lower costs (China, India, etc.). The sale of products that are attractive to other countries helps countries (especially LDCs) finance other areas of development. Development Through International Trade

12. International Trade Petroleum-Rich Persian Gulf –. The Four Asian Dragons - Countries like South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong. These countries are known for manufacturing goods like clothing, an influence for Japan. They’re also called the “Four Little Tigers” or “The Gang of Four.” Examples of the International Trade Approach

13. International Trade 1)Uneven Resource Distribution - Not all countries have all resources. 2)Market Stagnation - Countries that depend on low- cost goods have the obligation to compete for sales with established opposition. 3)Increased Dependence on MDCs - Problems with International Trade

14. International Trade W.W. Rostow produced a five-stage model of development in the 1950s that several countries later adopted, which is much like the demographic transition model. The stages are as follows: Rostow’s Development Model

15. International Trade A country that has not yet started process of development has a high percentage of people engaged with agriculture and a high percentage of national wealth in “nonproductive” areas such as military and religious pursuits. 1) Traditional Society

16. International Trade In the international trade model, development begins with smaller groups that initiate new technologies, and put in action the infrastructure of the society (water supply, transportation, etc.). 2) Preconditions for Takeoff

17. International Trade Rapid growth is limited in certain economic endeavors such as in textile production and food products. In this period, however, technology advances and productivity rises considerably. All other sectors of economy remain traditional. 3) Takeoff

18. International Trade Modern technology diffuses to a variety of industries within the country. Workers, in this stage, become more skilled and specialize in certain areas. 4) The Drive to Maturity

19. International Trade In this stage, the economy shifts from one with much overhead (as in the Middle East with the burden of oil – energy production) to consumer goods such as vehicles and appliances. 5) The Age of Mass Consumption

20. International Trade Each country is in a stage from 1 – 5. MDCs are all in higher stages and all have passed stage 1. Other Facts on Rostow’s Theory

21. International Trade Stage 1 – Before independence. Stage 2 – Early-1800s. Stage 3 – Mid-1800s. Stage 4 – Late-1800s. Stage 5 – Early-1900s to present. Stages of US Development