1. Four types of participle How do we recognise them?1. 2. 3. 4.

2. portans portatus portaturus
Most verbs……. (all verbs except the ones on your list)
portans portatus portaturus
PP PPP FP
carrying having been carried about to carry
A few verbs……. (check your list!)
hortans hortatus hortaturus
PP PAP FP
encouraging having encouraged about to encourage

3. Four Types of Participles
Present Participle (PP)
………….ing
Cogidubnus, drinking the waters, felt much better
Perfect Passive Participle (PPP):
Having been ………ed
Cogidubnus, having been carried into the baths, tasted the waters
Perfect Active Participle (PAP):
Having ……...ed
Having returned to his villa, Cogidubnus felt much better
Future Participle
About to………
About to leave the baths, Cogidubnus suddenly fell to the ground.
makes it passive

4. aedificatum
(having been) built
neuter singular
nominative or accusative

5. scriptam
(having been) written
feminine singular
accusative

6. gerens
wearing
masculine or feminine singular
nominative

7. ducentes
leading
masculine or feminine plural
nominative or accusative

8. secutus
having followed
masculine singular
nominative

9. locuti
having spoken
masculine plural
nominative

10. intrantem
entering
masculine or feminine singular
accusative

11. inventos
(having been) found
masculine plural
accusative

12. ingressos
having entered
masculine plural
accusative

13. tenentem
holding
masculine or feminine singular
accusative

14. facti (having been) made / done masculine plural nominative
OR m. or n. sing. genitive

15. conatam
having tried
feminine singular
accusative

16. interfectus
(having been) killed
masculine singular
nominative

17. resistente
resisting
masculine, f. or n. singular
ablative

18. egressis
having gone out
m. f. or n. plural
dative or ablative

19. Participles Practice…
egressi forum, intrare tabernam volebamus.
portans puerum, servus domum festinavit.
urbem oppugnaturi sumus.
captivi ab hostibus liberati domum ierunt.
ingens turba pompam per Viam Sacram procedentem spectabat.
custodes puero lacrimanti nihil dixerunt.
milites, a dominis iussi, in longis ordinibus stabant.
mercator amicos, a Graecia regressos, ad cenam sumptuosam invitavit.
fures domum egressi, fugerunt.

20. Future Participles… hodie in arena multi gladiatores morituri sunt.
dominus ad urbem profecturus servos laborare iussit.
locuturus magna voce, orator surrexit.
pater vocavit filium domo egressurum.
nunc ego vobis cenam splendidam daturus sum.
milites in animo volvebant quid cenurio dicturus esset.
hospites Haterium rogaverunt num Euphrosyne saltatura esset.
custodes fures ceperunt, egressuros.
hostis vobis necandus est.

21. faber, prope ianuam tabernae stans, pugnam spectabat.
Vilbia, e culina egressa, sororem statim quaesivit.
fures, ad iudicem ducti, veniam petiverunt.
omnibus civibus tacendum est quod sacerdotes appropinquant.
centurio, amphoram vini optimi adeptus, ad amicos celeriter rediit.
subito equos appropinquantes audivimus.
puer callidus pecuniam, in terra celatam, invenit.
hostis vobis necandus est.

22. Ablative Absolutes

23. Ablative Absolutes Noun/pronoun + participle Both in the ablative
Often (not always) at the start of the sentence, sometimes separated by commas

24. How to translate Ablative Absolutes
1) urbe capta, milites discesserunt.
With the city having been captured, the soldiers departed
Or: After city had been captured/when the city had been captured…..
2) feminis lacrimantibus, fur effugit.
With the women weeping, the thief escaped
OR: While the women were weeping,….
3) rege locuturo, milites intraverunt.
With the king about to speak, the soldiers entered
Or: When king was about to speak…..

25. sole oriente
with the sun rising / as the sun was rising

26. civibus egressuris
with the citizens about to go out / as the citizens were about to go out

27. servo intrante
with the slave entering / as the slave was entering

28. urbibus captis
with the cities having been captured

29. urbibus a militibus captis
with the cities having been captured by the soldiers

30. puella datura
with the girl about to give / as the girl was going to give

31. puella donum datura
with the girl about to give a present/ as the girl was going to give a present

32. matre gaudente
with the mother rejoicing / as the mother was rejoicing

33. magna turba comitante
with a great crowd accompanying

34. nauta morituro
with the sailor about to die / as the sailor was about to die

35. timore deposito
with fear having been put aside

36. imperatore vivente
with the emperor (or general) being alive / while the emperor was alive

37. servis dimissis
with the slaves having been sent away / dismissed

38. canibus in forum currentibus
with the dogs running into the forum/ as the dogs were running into the forum

39. gladio in vulnere relicto
with the sword having been left in the wound

40. ancillis sequentibus
with the slave-girls following / as the slave-girls were following

41. urbe incensa
with the city having been burnt

42. domina ingrediente
with the mistress entering / as the mistress was entering

43. his verbis dictis
with these words having been taken said

44. mercatore locuturo
with the merchant about to speak / as the merchant was going to …

45. servis liberatis
with the slaves having been freed

46. magistris loquentibus
with the teachers speaking / as the teachers were speaking

47. feminis salutaturis
with the women about to greet / as the women were going to greet

48. with the consuls having been killed
consulibus occisis
with the consuls having been killed

49. puella lacrimante
with the girl crying / as the girls was crying

50. amicis hortantibus
with the friends encouraging / urging

51. hostibus superantibus
with the enemy winning / as the enemy were winning

52. cane abducto
with the dog having been taken away

53. ianua fracta
with the door having been broken

54. custodibus dormientibus
with the guards sleeping / as the guards were sleeping

55. amico celeriter respondente
with the friend quickly replying / as the friend was replying quickly

56. signo dato
with the signal having been given

57. militibus oppugnaturis
with the soldiers about to attack / as the soldiers were going to …

58. discipulis tacentibus
with the students being quiet / as the students were being quiet

59. militibus egressis
with the soldiers having gone out

60. consilio cognito
with the plan having been learnt

61. quo facto
with this having been done
after this had been done

62. quo dicto
with this having been said
after this had been said

63. Ablative Absolute Sentences
his verbis dictis, nuntius discessit.
regina horto deleto tristissima erat.
militibus paratis imperator proficisci constituit.
servis venditis cenam ipse paro.
senatore locuto, cives gaudebant.
puella laetior erat epistula lecta.
hostibus visis omnes timebamus.
cives clamoribus auditis auxilium statim miserunt.
imperatore mortuo novum ducem invenire debemus.
pueris tacere iussis senex villam intravit.

64. Some tricky sentences…
quo audito, omnes senatorem laudaverunt.
Caesare duce, hostes vicimus.
puellis auxilium petentis cibum dedi.