1. The Forming of Greek Civilization
Chapter 2

2. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.)
A. Cretan Civilization
Knossos
1. King Minos and His Palace
Sir Arthur Evans
Palace of Minos
2. Cretan Society and the Roles of Women
Great Mother
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4. Map 2.1 Early Greece During the Bronze Age
This map shows the areas in which Greek speakers settled between about 2000–1100 B.C. There was
never a king or supreme ruler of the whole region, but rather rulers in the various cities. Which islands lay at the extreme boundaries of Greece, and where was Mycenae, where the Mycenaean culture originated?
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5. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.)
A. Cretan Civilization
3. A Cretan Empire?
B. Crete and the Greeks
1. Cretan Writing
Linear A
Linear B
Michael Ventris
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6. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.)
B. Crete and the Greeks
2. The Collapse of Cretan Civilization
Thera or Santorini earthquake
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7. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.)
C. Mycenaean Civilization (ca B.C.)
1. The City of Mycenae
2. The Work of Heinrich Schliemann
The graves at Mycenae
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8. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.)
C. Mycenaean Civilization (ca B.C.)
3. The Zenith of Mycenaean Power and the Trojan War
Treasury of Atreus
Agamemnon
Troy
Homer’s Iliad
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Map 2.2 Mycenae
The most important city in Bronze Age Greece, Mycenae, was first settled on its citadel or Acropolis. As the population expanded, a lower town developed, also surrounded by a wall. Outside the town were terraced agricultural plots. Where was the palace of the king?
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10. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.)
C. Mycenaean Civilization
(ca B.C.)
4. The Troy of Homer
5. The Decline of Mycenae
Sea-peoples
Dorian Greeks
6. The Dark Age
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11. Map 2.3 Archaic & Classical Greece, ca. 800-400 B.C.
Four main dialects of the Greek language were spoken in the Greek world. Similarity of dialect could lead to
political sympathy within the dialect group. Notice that Greeks never penetrated far into the Persian Empire.
What was the most extreme reach of the Greek language to the north?
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12. II. The Greek Renaissance (ca. 800-600 B.C.)
Polis/poleis
A. Greek Religion
Zeus
Apollo
Aphrodite
Athena
Artemis
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13. II. The Greek Renaissance (ca. 800-600 B.C.)
A. Greek Religion
1. The Relationship of Greeks to Their Gods
Anthropomorphic
Mount Olympus
Nemesis
2. Forms of Worship
No hierarchy
Delphic oracle
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15. II. The Greek Renaissance (ca. 800-600 B.C.)
B. Public Games
Panhellenic games
Olympics
C. Colonization (ca B.C.)
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16. Map 2.4 Greek Colonization, ca. 750-550 B.C.
Partly to seek trading partners, partly to solve the problem of excessive population, Greek cities sent out
many colonies in the Mediterranean and Black seas. Notice that all the colonial cities remained on the
coastlines. Which were the farthest Greek cities in east and west directions?
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17. II. The Greek Renaissance (ca. 800-600 B.C.)
D. The Alphabet
1. Origin of the Alphabet
Phoenicians
2. The Alphabet and Greek Life
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18. II. The Greek Renaissance (ca. 800-600 B.C.)
E. Archaic Literature
1. The Homeric Epics
Iliad
Achilles
Hector
Patroclus
Odyssey
Odysseus
2. The Homeric Question
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19. II. The Greek Renaissance (ca. 800-600 B.C.)
E. Archaic Literature
3. Homeric Legends Far from Greece
4. Hesoid
5. Archilochus
6. Sappho
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III. The Polis
A. Organization and Government
Astu
Acropolis
1. General Structure of the Polis
Agora
2. Population of the Poleis
Adult males
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III. The Polis
A. Organization and Government
3. Origins of Self-Government
Oligarchy
Monarchy
4. Hoplites and Society
5. Tyrants and Tyranny
6. Greek Armies
Phalanx
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III. The Polis
B. The Economy of the Poleis
(ca B.C.)
1. A Modest Lifestyle
Agriculture
Pasturage
2. Coinage and Public Expenses
Lydia
Drachma
Taxation
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III. The Polis
B. The Economy of the Poleis
(ca B.C.)
3. Use of Slave Labor
4. Industry
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III. The Polis
C. Sparta and Athens (ca B.C.)
1. Early Sparta
Messenia
Helots
Lycurgus
2. Sparta’s Government
Assembly, elders, and ephors
“Mixed” constitution
Peloponnesian League
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III. The Polis
C. Sparta and Athens (ca B.C.)
3. Men and Women in Spartan Society
4. Spartan Isolation
5. Early Athens
Attica
Archons
Areopagus
Assembly
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III. The Polis
C. Sparta and Athens (ca B.C.)
6. Draco and Homicide Law
7. Crisis in the Athenian Economy
8. Solon and Economic Reform
9. Solon’s Political Reforms
Four classes of citizens
Heliaea
10. The Tyrant Pisistratus
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28. Map 2.5 Classical Athens, ca. 400 B.C.
Athens became the largest Greek city in population and political importance. It also had the most impressive
collection of public buildings and temples, especially on the Acropolis or “high city.” The urban area was
surrounded by a wall. Where was the temple of Athena or Parthenon?
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III. The Polis
C. Sparta and Athens (ca B.C.)
11. Cleisthenes and Demokratia
Hippias
Boulé
12. The End of Regional Factions in Athens
Deme and tribes
13. The Use of the Lot in Elections
14. Ostracism
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30. IV. The Challenge of Persia
A. The Invasion Under Darius and Marathon (490 B.C.)
“Ionian Revolt”
Eretria
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31. Map 2.6 First Persian War, 490 B.C.
The king of Persia sent an expedition against Eretria and Athens to punish them for their part in an attack on
Sardis. The battle of Marathon turned the Persian invasion back. On the way to Marathon, at which islands did
the Persian fleet stop?
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32. IV. The Challenge of Persia
B. The Second Persian War ( B.C.)
1. Preparations for War
Xerxes
Triremes
Themistocles
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33. Map 2.7 The Second Persian War, 480-479 B.C.
Ten years after the first war, the Persians attacked Greece again. The Persian navy and army invaded in parallel routes. The critical battles were at the island of Salamis and at Plataea in Boeotia. Where is the island of Salamis? Note the canal cut through Mt. Athos in 492 B.C.
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34. IV. The Challenge of Persia
B. The Second Persian War
2. The Invasion of 480 and Thermopylae
Leonidas
3. Themistocles and the Victory at Salamis
4. The Battle of Plataea (479 B.C.)
Pausanias
Mycale
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