1. The Civilization of the Greeks
Chapter 3
The Civilization of the Greeks

2. Timeline

3. Early Greece Geography Minoan Crete (c. 2000 – 1450 B.C.) Mountains
Sea
Minoan Crete (c – 1450 B.C.)
Knossus
Catastrophic Collapse (c B.C.)
.C.

4. Map 3.1: Ancient Greece (c. 750 – 338 B.C.)

5. The First Greek State: Mycenae
Flourished between 1600 – 1100 B.C.
Indo Europeans
Powerful monarchies
Fortified palace complexes
Warrior society
Trojan War
Mycenae destroyed c B.C.

6. The Greeks in a Dark Age (c. 1100 – c. 750 B.C.)
Period of Decline
Farming revived (c. 850 B.C.)
Migrations to Ionia
Revival of some trade
Use of iron
Adoption of Phoenician alphabet
Homer
The Iliad
Trojan War
The Odyssey
Heroes

7. The World of the Greek City-States (c. 750 – c. 500 B.C.)
The Polis
Town or city and surrounding countryside
Acropolis
Agora
Citizenship
Rights and Responsibilities
New military system
Hoplites and Phalanx

8. Colonization and the Growth of Trade
Migration and Colonies
Effects of Colonization
Increased trade and industry

9. Map 2.2: Greece and its Colonies in the Archaic Age

10. Tyranny in the Greek Polis
Tyrants
Outside the law
Favored interests of merchants and traders
Tyranny in Corinth
Decline of Tyranny (end of sixth century B.C.)

11. Sparta Origins in Laconia Perioikoi and Helots Conquest of Messenia
Lycurgan Reforms (c. 800 – 600 B.C.)
Development of a military state (early 6th c. B.C.)
Barracks and military life
Spartan women
Spartan society
The Spartan State
Two kings
Ephors
Assembly
Isolationism
Peloponnesian League

12. Athens Attica Economic Problems Solon Tyrants
Economic reforms
Political reforms
Tyrants
The Reforms of Cleisthenes
Ten Tribes – Cross section of population
Council of 500 (50 from each tribe)
Democracy

13. Greek Culture in the Archaic Age
Influences
Lyric Poetry
Sappho of Lesbos
Hesiod
Works and Days
Theognis of Megara
Celebration of aristocracy

14. The High Point of Greek Civilization: Classical Greece
The Challenge of Persia
Ionian Revolt (499 – 494 B.C.)
Persian Invasion (490 B.C.)
Battle of Marathon (490 B.C.)
Xerxes
Renewed Persian invasion (480 B.C.)
Battle of Thermopylae (480 B.C.)
Battle of Salamis (480 B.C.)
Battle of Plataea (479 B.C.)

15. Map 3.3: The Persian Wars

16. The Growth of an Athenian Empire in the Age of Pericles
Delian League (organized 478 – 477 B.C.)
Pericles
Democracy
Magistrates
Ostracism
Athenian Imperialism
Control over Delian League

17. The Great Peloponnesian War (431 – 404 B. C
The Great Peloponnesian War (431 – 404 B.C.) & the Decline of the Greek States
Thucydides
Spartan fear of Athens
Athens – Naval Power; Sparta – Land Power
Plague (430 B.C.)
Death of Pericles (429 B.C.)
Destruction of Athenian Fleet (405 B.C.)
Athens Surrenders (404 B.C.)
Greek States continue to fight among themselves

18. Map 3.4: The Great Peloponnesian War (431 – 404 B.C.)

19. The Culture of Classical Greece
The Writing of History
Herodotus (c. 484 – c. 425 B.C.)
The Persian Wars
Thucydides (c. 460-c. 400 B.C.)
History of the Peloponnesian War
Greek Drama
Tragedies
Aeschylus ( B.C.)
Sophocles (c B.C.)
Euripides (c B.C.)
Comedies
Aristophanes (c. 450-c. 385 B.C.)

20. Outdoor theater at Epidaurus

21. The Arts: The Classical Ideal
Architecture
Temples
Mathematical ratios found in nature
Sculpture
Ideal Beauty

22. Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian Orders

23. The Temple of Athena on the Island of Aegina Fifth-century B.C.

24. Doryphoros

25. The Greek Love of Wisdom
Philosophy (“Love of Wisdom”)
Sophists
The art of the argument
Socrates (469 – 399 B.C.)
Socratic method
Plato (c. 429 – 347 B.C.)
The Republic
The Academy
Aristotle (384 – 322 B.C.)
Politics

26. Greek Religion Religion and Daily Life Festivals Gods and Goddesses
Mount Olympus
Olympic Festivals (began in 776 B.C.)
Oracle of Apollo at Delphi

27. Remaining Columns at the Oracle to Apollo Delphi

28. Daily Life in Classical Athens
150,000 citizens – 43,000 adult males with political power
Slavery
Agricultural Economy
Trade
Artisans
Lifestyle
Family Life
Women
Male Homosexuality

29. Discussion Questions
What role did geography have on Greek history and civilization?
What brought about the Dark Ages in ancient Greece?
What were the main causes behind the development of democracy in Greece?
Why was the polis the preferred form of government in ancient Greece?
How did the Persian Wars lay the seeds for the Peloponnesian Wars?
What were the defining features of Greek art?
How did Plato’s Republic challenge democratic ideals?
What impact did Greek philosophers have on the Western intellectual tradition?
What function did festivals and public rituals play in Greek religion?

30. Web Links Ancient Greek Sites on the World Wide Web
Dēmos: Classical Athenian Democracy
Encyclopedia Mythica: Greek Mythology
Didaskalia: Ancient Theater Today
Cultural Map of Hellas
The Ancient City of Athens