1. The Rise of City-States
Greeks
The Rise of City-States

2. Geography of the Greek World
A Rugged Land
Where did Greek people farm?
How did the mountains surrounding Greece shaped the relationship between Greek communities?

3. Surrounded by the Sea What bodies of water surrounded Greece?
How did these bodies of water affect the lives of Greek people?

4. Mediterranean Climate
How did the climate of Greece shaped the way of life of people living in this peninsula?

5. Early Greek History Minoan and Mycenaean Civilization
What were some of the characteristics of the Minoan civilization?
Who were the Mycenaean? Where did they live?
What form of government did the Mycenaean have?
What were the consequences of the Mycenaean’s fall?

6. Quick Essay Topic: City-States
Provide a description of life in Greek city-states. Use all of the following words in your description.
Polis
Citizens
Laws
Acropolis
Agora
Politics
Aristocracy
Women
Slaves
Foreigners.

7. Playing it Out
With your group, identify four important characteristics of the group you were assigned to research
Each member of the group will create a different skit showing one of those characteristics.
Remember that each skit can have a minimum of one person and a maximum of four people as part of it.

8. Define the following words
Oligarchy
Tyrannies
Democracy
Citizenship
Assembly
Council (Boule)
Courts

9. Oligarchy and Tyranny Oligarchy Tyranny
Early forms of government where political power is held by a small group of people
Council of leaders belonged to the aristocracy
Tyranny
Governments run by a strong ruler
Ruler was usually member of the aristocracy
Promised land and other benefits to the poor and won popular support
Some were fair rulers, others did not keep their promises and ruled harshly

10. Power of the People Democracy “rule by the people”
Large numbers of men participated in public affairs
Citizenship
Membership in a community
Gives people both rights and responsibilities
Ordinary people had the right to help make decisions

11. Council (Boule) 500 People Council
This group helped decide which issues should come before the assembly
Members were chosen at random among citizens
Every citizen had a chance to serve in the Council

12. Topics
Every student should be required to take a performing arts course.
Grades should be abolished.
All students should be required to perform one year of community service.
Homework should be banned.
PE should be required of all students throughout high school.
Schools should block YouTube

13. Assembly Main Political Body in Athens
All free adult male citizens had the right to attend
Meetings took place 40 times a year
Everyone in the Assembly had the right to speak

14. The Court System Each court decided on different types of cases
Juries made up of citizens served in the courts
Decisions were made by majority vote.
Hundreds or even thousands of people could serve in a jury

15. Limited Democracy Women could not vote or hold office
Foreigners could not be citizens
Slaves had no rights
Athens did not have rule by all people, but at the time it had more freedom than most other city-states in Greece

16. Direct and Representative Democracy
Direct Democracy
Representative Democracy
Citizens participate directly in decision-making
Works better when population is small
In countries that are too big and with many people, it is more difficult for those people to meet
U.S. model
Citizens elect others to represent them in government
Representatives pass laws and make decisions on behalf of people

17. A Tale of Two City-States
Athens and Sparta
A Tale of Two City-States

18. Social Classes
Athens
Sparta
Class system with leaders belonging to wealthy families.
Women were considered inferior.
Slavery existed
To become a citizen, men would have to become soldier.
If they failed, they became “inferiors”
Sparta had more slaves than any other city-state

19. Political Life Democracy Council, Assembly, Courts 45,000 citizens
Athens
Sparta
Democracy
Council, Assembly, Courts
45,000 citizens
Authoritarian government
Ruled by two kings who were military leaders
Council of elders composed by 28 men over the age of 60 and elected for life made decisions.
Ephors were five men responsible for day-to-day operations.
9,000 citizens

20. Military Not as important or as much of an emphasis as in Sparta.
Athens
Sparta
Not as important or as much of an emphasis as in Sparta.
Emphasized Education in Arts, Philosophy, etc.
Very important – had strongest army in Greece.
Boys trained to be soldiers and girls trained to be strong mothers to provide strong children.
/watch?v=RurmBuDicBI

21. Religion http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lZZgTilriB4
Athens
Sparta
Polytheism – believed in many gods and goddesses, which had human qualities.
Ruler of the gods was Zeus.
Resembled that of Athens.
Emphasis on gods related to War.

22. Trade
Athens
Sparta
Traded metalworking, pottery and textiles for things lacking or wanting, including foreign grain.
Very limited trade – kept mostly as an isolated city- state. The lack of trade kept many of the people poor farmers.

23. Sports http://www. youtube. com/watch. v=z9lFwCDuj38 http://www
Athens
Sparta
Honored gods and goddesses by training mind and body.
Held sports competitions, most famous was Olympic Games.
Girls did not practice sports.
Honored gods and goddesses by training mind and body.
Girls participated in some sports in order to be strong as mothers.

24. Family Life/Education http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kd60himDm9k
Athens
Sparta
Girls stayed at home and helped mothers
Boys helped fathers on their jobs.
Boys had more educational opportunity than girls.
Boys learned reading and writing, but emphasis was on becoming a good soldier.
Girls had little schooling.
Allowed to participate in physical activities

25. Greek Mythology Polytheistic Religion Mythology
Worship of Many Gods
Mythology
Collection of stories that people tell about their gods or heroes
Explained the world, behaviors of people, and taught moral lessons.
Honored their Gods with public and private religious rituals.
Prayers and Animal Sacrifices
Each City-State built temples for deities

26. Athletic Contests Part of Religious Festivals
Displayed skills and it was a way to honor their Gods
Olympic Games honored Zeus and took place every four years
Festival Site was at Olympia
Winners became celebrities

27. Sacred Sites Homes to Gods or spirits Mount Olympus Delphi
Home to the major gods
Delphi
Holy Temple of Apollo
Delphic Oracle
Predicted what would happen in the future
Answered with Puzzling Statements or Riddles

28. The Arts of Greece Strong Appreciation of Beauty
Expressed it in their painting, sculpture, and architecture
Ordinary objects were carefully designed
Painting
Depth and Perspective
Sculpture
Strong Egyptian Influence
Developed Realistic Style
Huge Statues of Gods and Goddesses
Architecture
Tried to Achieve Perfection in their Work
Parthenon was a temple to honor Athena

29. Literature Linked with Religion
Religious Festivals included contests between poets
Homer
Wrote Epic Poems Odyssey and Iliad
Gods Controlling human lives
Lyric Poetry
Short Poetic Songs on many subjects, like politics and war
Greek Drama
Performance on Stage
Tragedies: tragic ending/Comedies: happy endings
Fables
Stories that teach a moral lesson.

30. Greek Philosophy Philosophy: “love for wisdom”
Asked Questions about the nature of things and answered through reason
How do we know what’s real?
What is the nature of the universe?
Socrates
Socratic Method of Teaching: Asking Questions to make people think more clearly. Challenged accepted beliefs
Plato
Created a school of philosophy called Academy