1. Section 2: Trails to the West
Chapter 7
Section 2: Trails to the West

2. Crossing the Appalachians
Several main roads west
From Northeast- Mohawk trail into west NY
From Philadelphia- Forber’s Road to Pittsburgh & then voyage west on the Ohio River

3. From Baltimore- went to Pittsburgh on Braddocks Road
From Mid- Atlantic States- Cumberland Road or National Road
From South- Great Valley Road or Richmond Road

4. Settling the Wilderness
Daniel Boone
Employed to cut Wilderness Rd through the Cumberland Gap
,000 pioneers settled in Kentucky
Became the 15th state

5. 1830’s
Ohio- 1,000,000
Indiana- 350,000
Illinois 150,000
98,000 slaves move west between 1790 & 1810

6. Forcing Native Americans West
Government developed a plan to help settlers by pressing the eastern tribes to move farther west to the Louisiana Territory
Land was unfit for farming

7. Expanding into Florida
Spanish Occupation
1795 Pinckney’s Treaty
Southern boundary of the US was set at 31N latitude
US citizens would be allowed free use of the Mississippi River

8. Spain & the US agreed to control the Natives living within their borders & to prevent them from attacking each other’s territories

9. US annexed west Florida by 1810
Seminole led raids on settlements in Georgia

10. General Andrew Jackson was sent to put them down
The Seminole Wars
General Andrew Jackson was sent to put them down
Burned villages, captured towns & within a few weeks claim possession of the entire west part of Florida

11. Secretary of State John Quincy Adams accused Spain of breaking the treaty for not controlling the Seminoles

12. Spain ceded Florida to the US
Adams-Onis Treaty
Spain ceded Florida to the US
Fixed the boundary between the LA purchase & Spanish territory in the west
Present day Texas

13. Northern California to Southern Alaska
Bound for the Pacific
Believed the US had a divine mission to spread liberty across the continent “manifest destiny”
The Oregon Country
Northern California to Southern Alaska

14. Magnificent mountains, endless forests, & fertile valleys
4 different nations claimed rights to the Oregon country
US, GB, Russia, & Spain
1818- US & GB signed a treaty agreeing to it’s occupation

15. Convention of 1818
Disregarded the wishes of native Americans who lived there
1819- Adams- Onis Treaty
Spain gave up its claim to the region
1825- Russia gave up its claim

16. 1842- organized wagon trains carried people west
Overland Travelers
1842- organized wagon trains carried people west
Met in Independence, Missouri
Oregon Trail
Took 4-6 months & was expensive & exhausting

17. Reasons to move west
Obtain land
Trade goods
Challenge & independence of life on the frontier
Good relations between the pioneers & Natives

18. Santa Fe Trail
Used to go to Mexican Territory
By 1845 more than 5,000 migrated to Oregon & demanded complete control of the area
Treaty of 1846 US & GB agreed to divide the Oregon Country along the 49th parallel

19. Harassed by neighbors & condemned for their beliefs
Mormon Migrations
Harassed by neighbors & condemned for their beliefs
Moved to Ohio & then to Nauvoo, Illinois in 1839
Smith was killed by an angry mob because of polygamy

20. Brigham Young
Becomes their new leader & moved outside the US border to the Great Salt Lake
Mormon Trail
By 1850 more than 11,000 settled

21. Prospered as farmers & traders by skillfully irrigating their desert region & by selling food & supplies to pioneers

22. January 1848- gold was discovered
Gold Rush
January gold was discovered
August- 4,000 gold crazed prospectors swarmed the land
Population explored to 200,000 by 1852

23. Mostly unmarried men
10% were Chinese
Impact on California
Bad for Natives
Made them slaves in their mines

24. Brought commercial prosperity to cities along the Pacific Coast
Mining towns usually had short lives
Ghost towns