1. US History Midterm Proficiency Review European Exploration- the Constitution

2. 1. What is the Columbian Exchange? The transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World (Europe) and the New World (the Americas). 2. List the reasons settlers came to the Americas: Religious freedom Gold/ Treasure Land Jobs Sense of Adventure

3. 3. What was the Mayflower Compact and how did it help political development in America?  The Mayflower Compact was an agreement that helped establish the first form of government with guidelines for self rule. 4. Who were the puritans, where did they settle, and why were they hypocrites?  English dissenters who wanted to reform the Church of England. Puritans settled in the New England Colonies. They were hypocrites because they came to America to reform the Church of England and then made everyone in America do everything the Puritan Way with no reforms.

4. 5. Who could vote in early colonial America?  White males over the age of 21 who owned property could vote in Colonial America. 6. Name the three regions of the 13 colonies: 1.New England Colonies 2.Middle Colonies 3.Southern Colonies

5. 7. What were the main products of the Southern economy? 1.Tobacco 2.Slavery 8. Describe the Triangular Trade:  A system of exchanging slaves, rum, sugar, and molasses between the Americas, Europe, & Africa. What was the middle passage like?

6. 9. Describe the French and Indian War, why it started and over what, and the turning point:  The French and Indian War was a conflict between the French and some Native American Allies against the British and some Native American Allies over the Ohio River Valley. The turning point was the Battle of Quebec and the British won the war. King George and the British Parliament issued the Proclamation of 1763 which forbade the colonists from settling between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River.

7. 10. What was the Albany Plan of Union?  Benjamin Franklin proposed that the 13 colonies unite and the colonies turned it down. It was the first formal idea for the colonies to unite. 11. List 5 causes of the American Revolution ? 1.Proclamation of 1763 2.Navigation Acts 3.Tea Act 4.Stamp Act 5.Townshend Acts 6.Sugar Act 7.Quartering Act 8.Intolerable Acts

8. 12. Who were the Sons and Daughters of Liberty?  The Sons of Liberty was a male group that protested British policies like the Stamp Act, Townshend Acts, Tea Act, etc. with violence like tarring and feathering tax collectors.  The Daughters of Liberty was a female group who showed their protest in non-violent ways like boycotting British products. 13. Who was Thomas Paine and how was he an influence during the American Revolution?  A Patriot who wrote a pamphlet called Common Sense which advised independence from England.

9. 14. Who was John Locke and describe his purpose of government:  John Locke was an Enlightenment thinker who believed we had natural rights- life, liberty and property. 16. Describe the Battle of Lexington & Concord:  These battles were known as the first battles of the American Revolution. It began on April 18, 1775; 8 militiamen lay dead @ Lexington and British destroyed ammunition stored by the Patriots @ Concord and then the British retreated. It became known as “The Shot Heard Around the World.”

10. 15. Identify strengths and weaknesses of both the British and the Patriots at the start of the American Revolution: BritishPatriots StrengthsWell-trained army Best navy in the world George Washington Foreign Allies Home field Advantage WeaknessesShort supply line Did not know the land Hired mercenaries Poorly trained Undisciplined No supplies/No money

11. 17. Describe the Battle of Trenton.  On December 25, 1776, George Washington and the American troops crossed the Delaware into NJ. They surprised the Hessians @ Trenton who had been celebrating. It was an American victory that boosted the morale of the Patriots. 18. Describe the Battle of Saratoga:  These battles were a series of Battles in Upstate NY near Albany. British General John Burgoyne surrenders to the Continental army at Saratoga. This was the turning point of the war for the Americans. The French were convinced they would help the Americans now.

12. 19. Describe the Battle of Yorktown.  On October 19, 1781 in Yorktown, Virginia British General Cornwallis surrendered to George Washington and the Continental Army. It was the final battle of the American Revolution where the Americans win! 20. Describe the Article of Confederation.  The first plan of government for the United States ratified in 1781. It failed because of the following problems: 21. List 5 problems with the Articles of Confederation: 1.No president 2.No Army 3.No courts 4.No centralized money system 5.No way to collect taxes

13. 22. Describe Shays’ Rebellion and its significance.  Massachusetts's farmer Daniel Shays was upset that the Mass. gov’t wanted him to pay his debts immediately after the war had ended. They threatened to take his farm away so he and the farmers shut down the courts. There was no army so the Mass. businessmen hired an army to stop the rebellion. It was this event that we realized the Articles of Confederation were a failure and we needed a more centralized government. 23. What is the New Jersey Plan?  A proposed plan of government by William Paterson that favored the smaller states. It suggested 3 branches of government with a legislative branch with one house=one vote per state.

14. 24. What is the Virginia Plan?  A proposed plan of government by James Madison that favored the larger states. It suggested 3 branches of government with a legislative branch with one house based on population of that state. 25. Describe the Great Compromise:  Proposed by Roger Sherman  Consisted of 3 Branches of Government: 1.Judicial 2.Legislative 3.Executive  And two houses: 1.House of Representatives (Based on state population) 2.Senate (2 votes per state)

15. 26. Describe the 3/5 compromise:  To satisfy both the North and the South the agreement stated that for every 5 slaves 3 would count towards the population for representation in the legislative branch.