2.  Economic theory that a nation’s power depended upon its wealth. ◦ In order to increase their wealth, nations can:  1. Acquire gold and silver  2. Trade with other regions  3. Acquire colonies  Raw Material  Markets  Trade Goods  The world has a limited supply of wealth, so nations must compete with each other to gain wealth

3.  Mercantilism creates rivalries between nations ◦ Which nation is the strongest during the 1500’s?  The Spanish Armada ◦ Spain had a large navy that allowed it to control the seas ◦ Sir Francis Drake (England) had been attacking these ships and raiding Spanish ports ◦ King Philip II of Spain sent the Spanish fleet to conquer England ◦ 1588- The Spanish Armada is destroyed by the British navy, ending their control of the seas

6.  The Spanish controlled: ◦ Mexico ◦ Caribbean ◦ Central America ◦ South America  Expanded into southern and western parts of the United States ◦ Arizona, New Mexico, California, Texas, Florida  Sought to protect their colonies from England, France, and the Netherlands

7.  1. Peninsulares- People who were born in Spain  2. Creoles- People born in the Americas to Spanish parents  3. Mestizos- People with Spanish and Native American parents  4. Native Americans  5. Enslaved Africans

9.  The French controlled: ◦ Parts of Canada ◦ Between the Mississippi River and the Appalachian Mountains  Including: Illinois, Wisconsin, Michigan, Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee  Interested in the natural resources ◦ Fishing ◦ Fur trading  Furs were popular in Europe ◦ Beaver pelts  French also set up Tenant Farming: ◦ Settlers pay the estate holder annual rent and worked for him for a fixed number of days each year

10.  The French had little interest in building an empire in the Americas  The French had better relations with the Native Americans than other Europeans ◦ The French lived among them, learned their languages, and respected their ways

12.  Dutch had a vast trading network ◦ Used their many merchant vessels to set up a colony in modern-day New York  New Netherlands divided the English colonies ◦ New Amsterdam was located on Manhattan Island  Center for shipping and trading  The English attacked the Dutch colony to acquire this valuable seaport ◦ 1664: English take control of New Amsterdam

14.  The English controlled: ◦ East coast of the United States  13 colonies ◦ Parts of Canada  The English were interested in: ◦ Building an empire ◦ Gold ◦ Fishing and Furs

15.  The English initially tried to set up a settlement at Roanoke Island in 1587 ◦ Settlers who arrived 3 years later found the colony abandoned and the colonists gone without a trace ◦ The fate of the Roanoke colonists remains a mystery to this day  The Virginia Company ◦ Joint-Stock Company: Investors buy stock in a company in return for a share of its future profits ◦ Set up colonies in order to create a profit for the company  Jamestown ◦ 1607 ◦ Colonists made money by growing tobacco  What’s the problem with this? ◦ The Virginia Company went bankrupt and Jamestown became England’s first royal colony

17.  1. Name the 4 main European countries that colonized North America  2. Define Mercantilism. Name the 3 ways that nations can acquire wealth.  3. Who defeated the Spanish Armada?  4. What were the French mainly interested in in North America?  5. Which of the 13 colonies did the Dutch originally claim?