1. Agenda

2. Review What role did the abolition of slavery and the continued growth of British overseas trade play in the immigration to the Caribbean and elsewhere of peoples from Africa, India, and Asia?

3. Unit 5: Industrialization and Global Integration (1750 – 1900)

4. ESSENTIAL LEARNING: THE NEW POWER BALANCE (1850-1900)

5. Objectives Identify new technologies and industries that appeared between 1850 and 1900 and how they affected the world economy.

6. Essential Questions What new technologies and industries appeared between 1850 and 1900 and how did they affect the world economy?

7. Target: New Technologies and the World Economy Railroads – Not only in industrial nations. – Needed huge amounts of land.

8. Steamships and Telegraph Cables – Coaling stations and ports. – Suez Canal (1869) – switch to steam. – Submarine telegraph cables.

9. The Steel and Chemical Industries – Rails, bridges, and ships. – Nitroglycerin, dynamite (Alfred Nobel – 1866) – Pollution.

10. Electricity – Thomas Edison. – Lamps, streetcars, subways, electric motors.

11. World Trade and Finance – Western Europe and N. America – prosperous. – Capitalist economies – business cycle. – Financial power of Britain = interdependence. – Nonindustrial areas – vulnerable to changes.

12. Essential Questions What new technologies and industries appeared between 1850 and 1900 and how did they affect the world economy?

13. Agenda

14. Review What new technologies and industries appeared between 1850 and 1900 and how did they affect the world economy?

15. Unit 5: Industrialization and Global Integration (1750 – 1900)

16. ESSENTIAL LEARNING: THE NEW POWER BALANCE (1850-1900)

17. Objectives Evaluate how the social structures of the industrial countries changed during this period.

18. Essential Questions How did the social structures of the industrial countries change during this period?

19. Target: Social Changes Population and Migrations – Greater increase in non-European countries. Irish famine Russian persecution of Jews Poverty and pop. growth in Italy, Spain, Poland, and Scandinavia. Britain’s overseas colonies Steamships and railroads.

20. – Europeans and descendants overseas jumped dramatically. Drop in death rate. Better diet.

21. – Asians – indentured laborers recruited for plantations, mines, and railroads.

22. Urbanization and Urban Environments – Railroads – people can live farther apart. – Plumbing. – Gas then electric lighting. – Police, fire, sanitation, garbage, schools, and parks (by 1900).

23. p. 716

24. – Epidemics became rare. – Decline in infant mortality = couples had fewer children. – New neighborhoods.

25. – New businesses, the professions became important. – Air quality worsened.

26. Middle-Class Women’s “Separate Sphere” – 1850-1901: “Victorian Age” Rules of behavior. – Technology transformed homes. – Raised children. – Women limited in education and professional careers.

27. p. 720

29. – Suffragists (Britain – Emmeline Pankhurst). British women gained suffrage in 1918.

30. Working-Class Women – Textile industries, domestic service. – Maintained homes. – Protective factory legislation reinforced gender divisions.

31. Essential Questions How did the social structures of the industrial countries change during this period?

32. Agenda

33. Review How did the social structures of the industrial countries change during this period?

34. Unit 5: Industrialization and Global Integration (1750 – 1900)

35. ESSENTIAL LEARNING: THE NEW POWER BALANCE (1850-1900)

36. Objectives Describe how industrialization contributed to the socialist and labor movements.

37. Essential Questions How did industrialization contribute to the socialist and labor movements?

38. Target: Socialism and Labor Movements Socialism – gov’t protection of workers from exploitation by property owners and gov’t ownership of industries.

39. Marxism and Socialism – Karl Marx Manifesto of the Communist Party (1848) History – conflicts between social classes. – Current – bourgeoisie (property owners – “haves”) v. proletariat (working class – “have nots”) » Proletariat revolution overthrowing the bourgeoisie, creating a classless society.

40. Labor Unions and Movements – Wanted better wages, improved working conditions, and insurance. – 19 th century – suffrage in Europe and N. America. – Working-class women – little involvement.

41. Essential Questions How did industrialization contribute to the socialist and labor movements?

42. Agenda

43. Review How did industrialization contribute to the socialist and labor movements?

44. Unit 5: Industrialization and Global Integration (1750 – 1900)

45. ESSENTIAL LEARNING: THE NEW POWER BALANCE (1850-1900)

46. Objectives Identify how nationalism transformed from a revolutionary to a conservative ideology.

47. Essential Questions How did nationalism transform from a revolutionary to a conservative ideology?

48. Target: Nationalism and the Rise of Italy, Germany, and Japan Nationalism – ideology that stresses people’s membership in a nation, a community defined by a common culture, history, and territory. – Unites states, breaks apart empires.

49. Language and National Identity in Europe Before 1871 – Importance of language. – Redrawing boundaries.

50. Map 27-1, p. 727

51. Unification of Italy (1860-1870) – Giuseppe Mazzini (1805-1872) – rev. of 1848 failed. – Count Camillo di Cavour – prime minister of Piedmont-Sardinia War with Austria in 1858. Uprisings in northern and central Italy in favor of joining P-S Constitutional monarchy under King Victor Emmanuel.

52. – Giuseppe Garibaldi – 1860 overthrew the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. Cavour expanded P-S into a new Kingdom of Italy. – Venetia (1866) and the Papal States (1870).

53. Map 27-2, p. 729

54. Unification of Germany (1866-1871) – King Wilhelm I (r. 1861-1888) – Prussia ruled by Chancellor Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898) Prussian industry, German nationalism. “Blood and iron” North German Confederation (1866). Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871)

55. The West Challenges Japan – Shogunate weaknesses. No coordination of resources to resist invasion. Laws against leaving/entering ignored.

56. – 1853 – American Commodore Matthew Perry Demanded opening of ports. Treaty of Kanagawa (1854)

57. Fig. 27-CO, p. 712

58. The Meiji Restoration and Modernization of Japan (1868-1894) – Brief civil war – “restoration” of Mutsuhito (r. 1868-1912) as emperor – Meiji Restoration (“enlightened rule”) Protect from Western imperialism New educational systems, communications, heavy industry. Western-style military, postal and telegraph services, railroads, harbors, banking, clocks, and calendars.

59. – State-owned enterprises to manufacture cloth and some consumer goods. 1881 – sold to zaibatsu (conglomerates)

60. Map 27-3, p. 730

61. Nationalism and Social Darwinism – Gov’ts opened public schools, admitted women in public-service jobs. – Dominant groups often used nationalism to impose culture on the minority. (ex. Russification)

62. Charles Darwin (1809-1882) – On the Origin of Species (1859) Evolution, “survival of the fittest,” “natural selection” – Social Darwinists – social and racial differences resulted from biology.

63. Essential Questions How did nationalism transform from a revolutionary to a conservative ideology?

64. Agenda

65. Review How did nationalism transform from a revolutionary to a conservative ideology?

66. Unit 5: Industrialization and Global Integration (1750 – 1900)

67. ESSENTIAL LEARNING: THE NEW POWER BALANCE (1850-1900)

68. Objectives Evaluate how nationalism affected the major powers of Europe.

69. Essential Questions How did nationalism affect the major powers of Europe?

70. Target: The Great Powers of Europe Germany – Most powerful European army. – Nationalism and pride in industry and military. – Wilhelm II (r. 1888-1918) Dismissed Bismarck, demanded a colonial empire.

71. France – Strengths – agriculture, colonies, participation in gov’t, sense of nationhood, public ed. – Weaknesses Slow pop. growth. Army 2/3 the size of Germany’s. Monarchists/Catholics v. republican/anticlerical

72. Britain – Strength – experience with elections and parties. – Weaknesses Irish resentment Other nations catching up economically Empire drained finances.

73. Russia and Austria Hungary – Austria-Hungary 1867 – Austro-Hungarian Empire. Did not gain allegiance of Slavic-speaking minorities. Attempt to dominate the Balkans irritated Russia.

74. – Russia Pogroms – many Jews fled to America. Attempts to impose Russian were divisive. Serf emancipation failed to improve their lives Most had little education, few rights, no say in gov’t.

75. Alexander III and Nicholas II reluctantly attempted social change. – Industrialization, railroads, armament factories. Aristocrats blocked most reforms.

76. – Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) Manchuria. Japanese won. Caused a revolution in 1905 – Tsar Nicholas II (r. 1894-1917) – constitution and a Duma (parliament). – Returned to absolutist rule.

77. Essential Questions How did nationalism affect the major powers of Europe?

78. Agenda

79. Review How did nationalism affect the major powers of Europe?

80. Unit 5: Industrialization and Global Integration (1750 – 1900)

81. ESSENTIAL LEARNING: THE NEW POWER BALANCE (1850-1900)

82. Objectives Evaluate how nationalism affected the nations of Asia.

83. Essential Questions How did nationalism affect the nations of Asia?

84. Target: China, Japan, and the Western Powers Responses to Western powers differed. China in Turmoil – Devastated from Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864) “Self strengthening movement” failed Gov’t opposed railways and foreign technologies.

85. Japan Confronts China – Imperialism – needed to industrialize militarily and build battleships. – Sino-Japanese War (1894) China evacuated Korea, ceded Taiwan and the Liaodong Peninsula, paid heavy indemnity.

86. – Defeated the Russians in 1905. Treaty of Portsmouth – Korea became a protectorate. – Gained southern Manchuria. – 1910 – annexed Korea.

87. China – Boxer Uprising in 1900 – Anti-foreign riots. – European, Japanese, and US forces ended.

88. Essential Questions How did nationalism affect the nations of Asia?