1. Chapter 13 Changes on the Western Frontier

2. Study for test for 10 minutes *Turning in starter notebook today!

3. Starter Monday, March 12
Look at the diagram “Importance of the Buffalo” on page 413. Answer the following questions:
Name 6 items made by Plains Indians from the various parts of the buffalo.
In addition to these items, what else did the Plains Indians use the buffalo for?

4. Starter: Wednesday, March 14
Using page 423 (Science & Technology: Inventions that tamed the prairie) explain the significance of each invention listed below:
John Deere’s steel plow:
Windmills:
Barbed Wire

5. Agricultural Technology
John Deere’s steel plow: made cutting through tough prairie soil easier
Windmills: Wind power pumped water to the surface from deep wells
Barbed Wire**: Made it possible for ranchers to create fenced in areas for cattle to graze;
** This ended life on the open range

6. Starter: Thursday, March 15
Read “Chief Joseph” & answer these questions:
What was the Nez Perce nontreaty policy?
How did the nontreaty policy affect U.S. government policy?
Why did Chief Joseph take the Nez Perce to Canada rather than fight the army troops?
What ultimately happened to Chief Joseph and his people?

7. Read about the life of a cowboy on pages 416-417
Starter Tuesday, March 13
Read about the life of a cowboy on pages
Write a diary entry for one day, as if you were a cowboy.
Explain what your day was like. Make sure to use the information you read about and refer to it in your description of your day.

8. Starter Take out vocabulary homework Take out homework questions
STUDY FOR TEST!!!

9. Starter 9/25 Review terms for vocabulary quiz!
Civil Rights Act 1866
Impeachment
Vicksburg
Thirteenth Amendment
Fifteenth Amendment
Bull Run
Sharecropping
Tenant Farming
Cotton
Dred Scott v. Sanford
Popular Sovereignty
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Slavery
State’s Rights
Carpetbagger
Scalawag
Large Population
Anaconda Plan
Emancipation Proclamation
Antietam
Whiskey Ring
Abolition
Radical Republicans
Presidential Reconstruction
Congressional Reconstruction
Andrew Johnson
Freedman’s Bureau
Fourteenth Amendment
Take out last
night’s homework!

10. After quiz Find your test and begin making corrections.
We have a long journey to perfection!!

11. Vocabulary (Goal 4) Great Plains Homestead Act Treaty of Fort Laramie
Sitting Bull
George A. Custer
Assimilation
Dawes Act
Battle of Wounded Knee
Longhorn
Chisholm Trail
Long Drive
Homestead Act
Exoduster
Soddy
Morrill Act
Bonanza farms
Grange
Populism
Bimetallism
William McKinley
William Jennings Bryan
Due Thursday
9/25

12. Women in the West
Women who settled in the west found that they enjoyed greater freedom and flexibility than could be had in the east
Women had more opportunities to take on roles traditionally open to men

14. Soddy

15. Immigrants Chinese & Irish immigrants worked to construct the railroad
Chinese immigrants entered the country from the west coast

16. African Americans in the West
African Americans moved west for new opportunities- they worked to construct the railroads & were cowboys
Many African Americans served as soldiers for the US Army during the Indian Wars
The “Buffalo Soldiers” served with distinction & showed great bravery
African Americans who moved to the West after the Civil War were called exodusters

19. Western Settlement
The government encouraged western settlement by passing the following laws:
Homestead Act: The government would give any settler 160 acres if they would cultivate it for 5 years
Morrill Land Grant Act: This law distributed millions of acres of western territory to state governments; The state governments would then sell the plots of land and use the money to open agricultural colleges

20. Starter 9/26 Read Railroaders Open the West on page 375-76
How did the government stimulate railroad construction?
What challenges did construction face?
Imagine how the railroad impacted settlement of the west.

21. Starter 9/29
Hypothesize what advantages each of the following pieces of technology could have provided its users in the late 1800s.
Barbed Wire
Windmill
Refrigerated Box Car (on trains)

22. Today Review Complete Into the West New Material Review for Test
Tomorrow Test on Goal 4!

23. Native Americans & Westward Settlement
Native Americans in the Great Plains depended on the buffalo for survival
Settlers and fur trappers came to the area and practically all of the buffalo were destroyed, therefore destroying the Indian way of life
Native Americans had been put on reservations (where they could live communally) to make way for white settlers
In 1887, the Dawes Act was passed which forced Indians to farm individual plots of land, taking away their tribal way of life

24. The Indian Wars
To keep the peace between white settlers and the tribes of the Great Plains, the Fort Laramie Treaty was signed
Famous Indian chiefs came to power at this time and resisted their tribes being put on reservations
While the U.S. army won most of the Indian wars, the Sioux captured a major victory at the Battle of Little Bighorn.
At this battle, Gen. George Armstrong Custer was killed

25. The Indian Wars In retaliation, the battles became more brutal
The Indian Wars ended with the Massacre at Wounded Knee, in which almost 200 Sioux men, women & children were killed
In Helen Hunt Jackson’s book, A Century of Dishonor, she describes the shameful way Native Americans had been treated

26. Write these in your starter notebook!
Into the West
Why were the buffalo important to the Sioux?
What is the purpose of the Fort Laramie Treaty?
Why do the Dog Soldiers raid and refuse to farm?
What happened at Promontory Point, Utah?
What was the purpose of the Carlisle Indian Boarding School?
Why did George cut his hair?
Describe how the children were treated at the boarding school.
What caused the Battle at Wounded Knee? In your opinion, was it a “battle” or a “massacre”?

27. Transcontinental Railroad
In 1862, Congress coordinated an effort among railroad companies to construct a transcontinental railroad
Union Pacific (east) and Central Pacific (California) railroad companies joined their tracks at Promontory Point, Utah in 1869

28. Transcontinental Railroad,
Promontory Point, Utah

29. Farmers faced problems in the
Problems of Farmers
Farmers faced problems in the
1870s & 1880s:
They received little profit from their crops due to overproduction
Farm equipment became more expensive
Railroads charged outrageous rates
Fell way into debt

30. The Grange Farmers began banning together to protect their interests
They started cooperatives (alliances) called granges
They pooled money together to buy machinery and supplies
Examples: Northwestern Alliance, Southern Farmers’ Alliance, and Colored Farmers’ National Alliance

31. The Populist Movement
The movement of the “people” (Populist) that demanded reforms to lift the burden of debt from farmers and other workers & to give people greater voice in their government.
The Populist Movement started a Populist Party, to elect officials so changes could be made in the government

32. William Jennings Bryan (Democratic Party Presidential Candidate), supported by the Populist Party
“Cross of Gold Speech” (about the danger of the gold only standard)

33. The Populist Party PLATFORM & REFORMS
Increase in the money supply, which would produce a rise in prices received for goods and services
Graduated income tax
Federal loan program for farmers & workers
Direct election of U.S. Senators (popular vote)
Single terms for the president & vice president
Secret ballot voting
8-hour workday
Restrictions on immigration

34. Bimetalism
Bimetalism is the belief that money should be backed by both gold and silver (“Silverites”)
“Gold Bugs” believed money should be backed by gold only.
People viewed money as useless if it could not be turned in for gold or silver.
Because silver was more plentiful than gold, silverites felt that money backed with both gold and silver would make more currency available (with less value per dollar).
Silverites thought this would stimulate the economy, thus helping farmers and workers.

35. Election of 1896 The candidates of the 1896 election were:
Republican Party: William McKinley
Democratic Party (supported by the Populist Party): William Jennings Bryan
Bryan made a very famous speech called the “Cross of Gold” (mankind, workers and farmers, were being crucified “upon a cross of gold”)
McKinley won, ending the Populism
But, many ideas of the Populist remained and sparked reform in the future.

36. Tin Man: Industrialists
Toto:
A dog
Wizard: the President
OZ: “ounce” oz. of gold
Cowardly Lion:
William Jennings
Bryan
Tin Man: Industrialists
Scarecrow:
Farmer
Dorothy: “Common” man
Dorothy’s Ruby Slippers: They
were actually silver in the book
representing the “silverites”
Yellow Brick Road: Gold Standard

37. Western Failures Homestead Act Cowboys Not Successful
You had to stay and work the land for four years
People were sick of the hard life and left!
Cowboys
Responsible for herding (not with barbed wire)
Barb wire kills the cowboys
NO MORE OPEN RANGE!

38. Test Review
Various people in the west (immigrants, women, African Americans, Native Americans)
Indian Wars & boarding schools (assimilation); Dawes Act; buffalo
How the government encouraged Western settlement?
How did the Populist Movement emerge (problems faced by farmers), what was the Populist Party, what caused the end of the Populist Party, why is the Populist Party significant?
Currency debate: Gold bugs v. silverites
Agricultural technology/advances
Life on the western prairie (soddy, cowboys, open range, long drive)