1. Creating the Constitution of the United States

2. Problems with the Articles of Confederation  Money Issues  Leadership Issues  Government Issues  Cooperation Issues

3. Who was there????  55 white men  26-81  Protestant  Educated  Land and slave owners  Government experience

4. Who wasn’t there??? Patrick Henry Thomas Jefferson John Adams

5. The Plans 1. Virginia or Large State Plan 2. New Jersey or Small State Plan Compromises 1. T oday’s Government Structure 2. S lavery 3. C ommerce 4. B ill of Rights

6. The Virginia or Large State Plan  3 Branches of Government  Single Executive  Bi-Cameral Legislature  Representation based on Population  Judicial appt. by legislature James Madison

7. New Jersey or Small State Plan PPPPlural Executive UUUUnicameral Legislature EEEEqual representation JJJJudicial chosen by executive JJJJudges serve for life

8. The Great Compromise DDDDeveloped by Roger Sherman AAAAlso known as the Connecticut Plan SSSSet up the government structure we have today

9. Our Government Structure in 1787  Bicameral legislature (2 house)  House of Representatives = lower house  The # of Reps in the House to be determined by population of a state  Senate = 100 members or 2 per state  Today we have 435 members of the House and 100 Senators

10. Counting People Population used to determine 2 things 1. Taxation 2. Representation What to do with slaves????

11. North wants 1. Counts slaves for taxes 2. Don’t count slaves for representation South wants 1. Count slaves for representation 2. Don’t count slaves for taxation

12. The 3/5 Compromise 5 slaves = 3 people for 1. Taxation AND 2. Representation

13. Industry vs. Agriculture States who made money from industry, shipping and manufacturing wanted  Natl. govt. to control the money  Natl. govt. to control commerce States who made money from farming and exporting wanted  To ensure the right to import slaves  To ensure their ability to export

14. Economic Compromises  Congress controls all commerce – foreign and domestic  Congress has the sole power to coin money  President has the power to negotiate treaties  Slave trade would not be touched for 20 yrs  Congress could levy import duties, but not export duties  Treaties must be approved by the Senate – 2/3 vote

15. Ratification  Required 9 of 13 colonies to approve = ¾  Two groups developed 1.Federalists  Advocated the ratification of the new constitution 2.Antifederalists  Argued against the new constitution until a Bill of Rights was added

16. The Federalists James Madison, Hamilton, & Jay wrote the Federalist Papers. Series of letters to the editors in NY and VA Argued in favor of the new constitution Alexander Hamilton James Madison John Jay

17. The AntiFederalists James Monroe George Mason Sam Adams Argued against ratification Argued in favor of a Bill of Rights being added to the new constitution

18. The Final Compromise AAAAnti-Federalists agreed to ratify the new constitution FFFFederalists agreed to ensure the first action taken by the new Congress would be to create a Bill of Rights

19. New US Government in action  1789 = first election Washington and Adams become Pres. and VP – April 30  Congress gets together March 4, 1789  Sept. 25, 1789 – James Madison introduces 12 amendments - 10 are ratified on Nov. 21, 1789  North Carolina and Rhode Island ratify May 29, 1790

20. 7 Basic Principals of Constitution  1. Popular sovereignty.  2. Limited government.  3. Separation of powers.  4. Federalism.  5. Checks and balances.  6. Judicial Review.  7. National Supremacy.

21. 7 Articles on Constitution  1. The Legislature  Congress  Art I Sec. 8 clauses 1-16  Art I Sec. 8 Clause 18 – Elastic Clause  2. The Executive Branch (President)  3. The Judicial Branch (Supreme Court)  4. Relations with States  5. Amendment Process  6. Supremacy Clause (National gov’t stronger)  7. Ratification