1. America Secedes From the Empire
CHAPTER 8
America Secedes From the Empire

2. 2nd CONTINENTAL CONGRESS
Bloodshed at Lexington And Concord was a call to arms
2nd Continental Congress- May 10, all 13 colonies
New Appeals
Raised money to create an army and navy
George Washington was made commander of the army
Established a group to write a Declaration of Independence
Page 132

3. 1775-1776 Curious War of Inconsistency
Attempts to avoid war were unsuccessful
May Ticonderoga- Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold
June Bunker Hill
July Olive Branch Petition
August The colonies were at rebellion- Treason
Sept Hessians
Oct Falmouth, Maine
Winter 1775-Canada- Arnold and Montgomery
June Norfolk, Va
March Dorchester Heights- British evacuate Boston
Spring and summer Colonial victories at Moores Creek Bridge and Charleston Landing

4. COMMON SENSE Loyalty to the empire was deeply ingrained
Colonial unity was poor
Open rebellion was dangerous
Americans were shocked into backing Independence
Burning of Norfolk and Falmouth
The hiring of Hessians

5. Author- Thomas Paine “The Royal Brutes of Britain”
1776 Publication of “Common Sense” one of the most influential pamphlets ever written
Author- Thomas Paine “The Royal Brutes of Britain”
Paine and the idea of Republicanism
Independence and the development of Republic
Power should flow from the people
“Consent of the Governed”
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6. Self-government prepared the colonists well.
Practiced Republicanism and democracy
Absence of hereditary aristocracy
Relative Equality- Land Ownership
Citizen “Virtue” was a common idea
Individuals needed to sacrifice their personal self interest for the public good
Not all Patriots agrees- pgs

7. 2ND Continental Congress appointed a committee to prepare a formal statement of Separation.
Written by Thomas Jefferson
Approved by Congress. July 4th, 1776
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8. PATRIOTS VS LOYALISTS
Patriots (Whigs) not only fought the British, but also the Loyalists (Tories)
Many colonists were apathetic or neutral
Patriots and British fought for the allegiance and support of the civilian population
A struggle for the hearts and minds of the people
The British proved fatally inept. Pg 146
Many families split over the issue- The Franklins
Loyalists were about 16% of the population
Educated, wealthy, and cultured- benefited from the ties with Britain
80,000 loyalist chose to leave the colonies
50,000 loyalists served the British
BATTLE CHART ASSIG.

11. REVOLUTION IN DIPLOMACY
France was eager to inflame the quarrel in America.
America badly needed help in their struggle against Britain.
An alliance was born
America had revolutionary ideas in internal affairs:
End colonialism and mercantilism
Supported free trade and freedom of the seas
Rule of law instead of brute power
Continental Congress established a “Model Treaty” to guide American diplomats
No Political Connection
No Military Connection
Only Commercial Connection
The bonds of mutual commercial interests would guarantee peaceful relations among states
Franklin’s actions in France

12. THE PEACE AT PARIS
After Yorktown, many Britons were weary of war and ready to come to terms.
Three American peace negotiators gathered at Paris:
Ben Franklin
John Adams
John Jay

13. THE PEACE AT PARIS
Congress instructed them to make no separate peace and to consult the French at all times
Both France and Spain wanted an independent America limited to east of the Appalachian Mts.
France feared a strong America
John Jay secretly negotiated with the English and quickly came to terms with the English in 1782.
Treaty of Paris 1783
Britain formally recognized the Independence of the United States
Boundaries were set:
Mississippi River in the West
Great Lakes to the north
Spanish Florida to the south
Share of fishing rights off of Newfoundland
Loyalists were to be respected and lands restored
All British debt would be paid.

14. TREATY OF PARIS